Antivirals & Antiparasitics

Front 1

mechanism of amantadine?

Back 1

blocks viral penetration/uncoating; may buffer pH of endosome. also causes the release of dopamine from intact nerve terminals

Front 2

clinical use of amantadine?

Back 2

prophylaxis and treatment for influenza A; Parkinson's disease

Front 3

toxicity of amantadine?

Back 3

ataxia, dizziness, slurred speech

Front 4

mehcanism of zanamivir, oseltamivir?

Back 4

inhibit influenza neuraminidase

Front 5

clinical use of zanamivir & oseltamivir?

Back 5

both influenza A & B

Front 6

mechanism of ribavirin?

Back 6

inhibits synthesis of gruanine nucleotides by competitively inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase

Front 7

clinical use of ribavirin?

Back 7

RSV, chronic hepatitis C

Front 8

toxicity of ribavirin?

Back 8

hemolytic anemia, severe teratogen

Front 9

mechanism of acyclovir?

Back 9

preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase when phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase; guanine analog

Front 10

clinical use of acyclovir?

Back 10

HSV, VZV, EBV; mucocutaneous and genital herpes lesions; prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients

Front 11

toxicity of acyclovir?

Back 11

delerium, tremor, nephrotoxicity

Front 12

mechanism of ganciclovir?

Back 12

phosphorylation by viral kinase; preferentially inhibits CMV DNA polymerase

Front 13

clinical use of ganciclovir?

Back 13

CMV, especially in immunocompromised patients

Front 14

toxicity of ganciclovir?

Back 14

leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, renal toxicity; more toxic to host enzymes then acyclovir

Front 15

mechanism of foscarnet?

Back 15

viral DNA polymerase inhibitor that binds to the pyrophosphate binding site of the enzyme; does not require action by viral kinase

Front 16

clinical use of foscarnet?

Back 16

CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients when ganciclovir fails; acyclovir-resistant HSV

Front 17

toxicity of foscarnet?

Back 17

nephrotoxicity, hypoglycemia, hypomagnesia

Front 18

saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, and amprenavir are what type of drugs?

Back 18

protease inhibitors - used in HIV therapy

Front 19

mechanism of protease inhibitors?

Back 19

inhibit assembly of new virus by blocking protease enzyme

Front 20

toxicity of protease inhibitors?

Back 20

GI intolerance (nausea, diarrhea), hyperglycemia, lipid abnormalities

Front 21

protease inhibitor that can cause thrombocytopenia?

Back 21

indinavir

Front 22

zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine, and abacavir are what type of drug?

Back 22

nucleoside RT inhibitors

Front 23

nevirapine, delaviridine, and efavirenz are what type of drug?

Back 23

non-nucleoside RT inhibitors

Front 24

mechanism of reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

Back 24

preferentially inhibit RT of HIV; prevent incorporation of viral genome into host DNA

Front 25

toxicity of RT inhibitors?

Back 25

bone marrow suppression (neutropenia, anemia), peripheral neuropathy

Front 26

what type of reverse transcriptase inhibitors can cause lactic acidosis?

Back 26

nucleosides - zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine, and abacavir

Front 27

what type of RT inhibitors can cause rash?

Back 27

non-nucleosides -nevirapine, delaviridine, and efavirenz

Front 28

nucleoside RT inhibitor that can cause megaloblastic anemia?

Back 28

AZT (zidovudine)

Front 29

what HIV drug is used during pregnancy to reduce the risk of fetal transmission?

Back 29

AZT

Front 30

interferon-alpha is used for what?

Back 30

chronic hepatitis B andC, Kaposi's sarcoma

Front 31

interferon beta is used in what disease?

Back 31

MS

Front 32

interferon gamma is used in what disease?

Back 32

NADPH oxidase deficiency

Front 33

toxicity of interferons?

Back 33

neutropenia

Front 34

these are glycoproteins from human leukocytes that block various stages of viral RNA and DNA synthesis

Back 34

interferons

Front 35

drug used for giardiasis, amebic dysentery, bacterial vaginitis, trichomonas?

Back 35

metronidazole

Front 36

drug used for giant roundworm (asarcis), hookworm (necator/ancylostoma), and pinworm (enterobius)?

Back 36

pyrantel pamoate

Front 37

drug used for trematode/fluke (schistosomes, paragnimus, clornorchis), and cysticercosis?

Back 37

praziquantel

Front 38

drug used for cestode/tapeworm (e.g. diphyllobothrium latum, taenia species) infections except cysticercosis?

Back 38

niclosamide

Front 39

drug used for onchocerciasis?

Back 39

ivermectin (rIVER blindness)

Front 40

drug used for nematode/roundworm (e.g. pinworm, whipworm) infections?

Back 40

mebendazole/thiabendazole