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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Binds ergosterol and forms membrane pores. What is it and its SEx?
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Both Amp B and Nystatin bind ergosterol and form membrane pores. Nystatin is too toxic for systemic use, and is just for topical (diaper) or swish and swallow (oral candidiasis).
Amp B SEx: nephrotoxicity (Ca and Mg monitoring and push fluids), fever/chills, IV phlebitis |
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Which drugs inhibit fungal sterol (ergosterol) synthesis? What are their side effects?
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Azoles inh sterol syn and cause liver dysfunction (inh p450), gynecomastia, fever and chills
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What drug is an add on to AmpB Tx? How does it work and what is its toxicity?
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Flucytosine inh DNA syn via conversion to 5-FU (antimetabolite) and causes bone marrow suppression, NVD.
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How does caspofungin work? When is it used and what are SEx?
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Caspofungin inh CELL WALL (not ergosterol or membrane) syn by inh B-glucan syn.
Used to Tx invasive aspergillosis SEx: GI upset and flushing |
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What drug inh fungal squalene epoxidase? What is it used for?
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Terbinafine inh fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase and is used to treat dermatophytoses.
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Which fungal induces p450? How does it work and what are its uses?
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Griseofulvin - interferes with microtubule function and disrupts mitosis. It deposits in keratin-containing tissues (e.g. nails) and can lead be teratogenic and carcinogenic.
Tx: superficial infections (oral) |
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What drugs are used to treat influenza A? How does each work?
How are resistances developed and what side effects are seen? |
Amantidine (Tx A only) - blocks viral penetration/ uncoating (M2 protein) (rimantidine is similar with fewer SEx)
Zanamivir and oseltamavir (Tx A and B) - inh neuraminidase -> decrease progeny release |
Resistance to amantadine develops via a mutated M2 protein which is present in 90% of infl A now.
Amantadine can also cause CNS effects like ataxia, dizziness and slurred speech. It is used to Tx Parkinson's bc it increases dopamine release. |
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What drugs competitively inh IMP dehydrogenase? What does this do? What are the two uses and the SEx?
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Ribavirin - inh syn of guanine nucleotides.
Used to Tx RSV and chronic HCV SEx: teratogen and hemolytic anemia |
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Which antivirals are activated by the virus? What do these drugs do?
Which has the worst side effects? |
These drugs inh DNA pol via chain termination
Acyclovir - activated by HSV / VZV thymidine kinase Famciclovir - activated by herpes zoster Ganciclovir - activated by CMV viral kinase |
Ganciclovir SEx - Leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and renal toxicity.
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What drug is used to Tx CMV retinitis or resistant HSV? How does this drug work?
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Foscarnet is a viral DNA pol inh that binds pyrophosphate-binding site. It doesn't require activation, and is used to Tx CMV retinitis when ganciclovir fails or acyclovir-resistant HSV. It can cause nephrotoxicity.
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What are the protease inhibitors and how do they work? What is the most significant SEx?
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NAVIR TEASE a proTEASE (-navirs)
- Inh virus maturation by blocking protease in progeny virions - They cause lipodystrophy (fat redistribution syndrome) as well as, hyperglycemia. Indinavir can cause thrombocytopenia. |
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Which reverse transcriptase inh are nucleoside (NRTI) and which are non-nucleoside (NNRTI)? What SEx are specific to each?
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NRTI - zidovudine (AZT or ZDV), didanosine (ddI), Zalcitabine (ddC), stavudine (d4T), lamivudine (3TC) and abacavir
NNRTI - Never Ever Deliver Nucleosides (Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delavirdine) |
All RTI's cause Bone marrow suppression (neutropenia and anemia)
NRTIs - peripheral neuropathy and lactic acidosis NNRTIs - rash Zidovudine (ZDV) - megaloblastic anemia |
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What drug is given to an HIV+ mother to prevent risk of fetal transmission? What SEx are associated with this Tx?
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HIV+ mother --> Zidovudine which can cause peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis and megaloblastic anemia
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What is added to many reverse transcriptase inhibitor treatment to prevent toxicity?
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RTI's cause bone marrow suppression so giving GM-CSF and erythropoieten can help reduce this suppression.
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What drug is used in patients who aren't responding well to HAART treatment?
SEx? |
If viral replication persists despite antiretroviral Tx --> ENFUVIRTIDE --> binds gp41 subunit to inh fusion with CD4 cells.
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SEx of enfuvirtide: hypersensitivity rxns, rxns at injection site and increased risk of bacterial pneumo
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What drugs block stages of viral RNA and DNA syn and where do these drugs come from?
What are their specific uses? |
Interferons are glycoproteins from human leukocytes that block various stages of viral RNA and DNA syn.
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INFA - chronic hep B and C, Kaposi's sarcoma
INF-B - MS INF-gamma - NADPH oxidase def (CGD) |
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Which antibiotics must be avoided in pregnancy?
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SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care
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Sulfonamides - kernicterus
AGs - ototoxicity Fluoroquinolones - cartilage Erythromycin - acute cholestatic hep in mom Metronidazole - mutagenesis Tetracyclins - teeth and bones Ribavirin - teratogenic Griseofulvin - teratogenic Chloramphenicol - gray baby |
