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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Many of these mimick specific nucleotide triphosphates used in DNA/RNA synthesis by getting phosphorylated therefore they act how?
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Interfere with viral DNA synthesis and/or viral transcription processes
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Amantadine
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MOA - impairs uncoating by binding influenza A's M2 matrix
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No longer recommended
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Rimantadine
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similar to Amantadine
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No longer recommended
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Interferon
DOC for? |
induces MHC-1 expression
TX: many viral disorders; hairy cell leukemia DOC: chronic HBV and chronic HCV |
pegylated form used most commonly because it doesn't require daily dosing
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Ribavirin
DOC for? |
phosphorylated to eventually looking much like GTP - blocks viral mRNA synthesis
DOC: Chronic HCV |
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What is the standard of therapy for chronic HCV?
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pegylated interferon alpha plus ribavirin
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Acyclovir
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phosphorylated to look like GTP - replication inhibitor
requires thymidine kinase making it selective for HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and EBV |
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Which antiviral requires thymidine kinase in order to be phosphorylated to look like GTP?
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Acyclovir
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Acyclovir is selective for which viruses?
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HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and EBV
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Does CMV possess viral thymidine kinase?
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NO
Acyclovir is not a helpful antiviral |
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Acyclovir is the drug of choice for what infections?
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HSV-1 and HSV-2
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Ganciclovir MOA
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replication inhibitor not requiring thymidine kinase; similar to acyclovir
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Will Ganciclovir treat CMV effectively? Why?
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YES
It does not require thymidine kinase |
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DOC for CMV retinitis?
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Ganciclovir
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Vidarabine MOA
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imitates ATP and becomes incorporated into DNA inhibiting its synthesis
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Which antiviral is especially useful in treating herpes encephalitis and VZV in immunocompromised patients?
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Vidarabine
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AZT MOA
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becomes a TTP analog and inhibits viral DNA synthesis
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AZT belongs to what specific class of antivirals?
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Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
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Members of NRTI group (4)
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AZT, didanosine (ddl), Stavudine (d4T), lamivudine (3TC)
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Protease inhibitors (5) -
(-navir) SIRFN |
Saquinavir, Indinavir, Ritonavir, Fosamprenavir, nelfinavir
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NNRTIs - Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
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delavirdin, efavirenz, nevirapine
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Fusion inhibitors MOA
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bind gp41 and prevents viral fusion with cell membrane
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Raltegravir
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Integrase inhibitor
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Chemokine co-receptor antagonists (CCR5 Antagonists) useful in what patients?
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approved for use in CCR5-tropic-HIV 1 that has also demonstrated multi-drug resistance or in completely treatment naive patients
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Only FDA member of CCR5 Antagonists?
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maraviroc
hepatotoxic |
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What type of antiviral is used to prophylax close contacts of persons infected with influenza A and B?
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neuraminidase inhibitors -
zanamivir and oseltamivir |
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What drug is useful against HIV but not part of the HIV HAART regimen?
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Foscarnet
nephrotoxic |
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Mimics TTP but does not require viral thymidine kiase to become phosphorylated
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Trifluridine
active against HSV and thymidine kinase-deficient mutants of HSV |
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DOC for herpes keratitis
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Trifluridine
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DOC for smallpox and severe adenovirus infections
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Cidofovir
extremely nephrotoxic & teratogenic |
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Which antiviral can cause Fanconi syndrome even at small doese and to minimize dose while maximizing effect is fiven with probenecid?
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Cidofovir
teratogenic & extremely nephrotoxic |
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