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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definitive diagnostic of AIDS?
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CD4 T-cell count below 200
AIDS Defining Illness |
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What is HAART?
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Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
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HAART can cure HIV.
T or F |
False
Cannot cure HIV |
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How is HIV transmitted?
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Present in all body fluids
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What are the three phases of HIV?
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Flu-like acute retroviral syndrome
Clinical latency Late Stage- CD4 counts drop (opportunistic infections) |
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What are the four categories of HIV drugs?
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Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
Non-nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) Protease Inhibitors (PI) HIV fusion inhibitors |
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What is the prototype of the NRTIs?
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Zidovudine
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How does Zidovudine work?
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Pro-drug
ZTP competes with natural nucleotide triphosphates |
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What are the adverse effect of Zidovudine?
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Anemia and Neutropenia from Bone Marrow Suppression
Lactic Acidosis with Hepatic Steatosis |
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What is the difference between NRTIs and NNRTIs?
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NNRTIs not structurally related to naturally occurring nucleotides
Bind to the active center of Reverse Trascriptase Direct inhibition |
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What is the only NNRTI used for HIV?
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Efavirenz
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What are the adverse effects of Efavirenz?
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CNS symptoms (dizziness, insomnia, drowsiness, and sleep disturbances
Rash Stevens-Johnson Syndrome |
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What are the most effective antiretroviral drugs?
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Protease Inhibitors
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PI are usually used in combination with NRTIs.
T or F |
True
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What are the adverse effects of PIs?
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Hyperglycemia/Diabetes
Fat Maldistribution (pseudo-Cushings) Hyperlipidemia Increased Bleeding in Hemophiliacs Reduced Bone Mineral Density |
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What does protease do?
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Catalyzes the final step in the HIV maturation
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What is the prototypic PI?
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Lopinavir/Ritonavir
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What is the HIV fusion inhibitor?
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Enfuvirtide
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What does Enfuvirtide do?
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Prevents HIV entry into CD4 T-cells
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What are the adverse effects of Enfuvirtide?
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Injection-Site Reactions
Pneumonia |
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What are the tests used for HIV?
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ELISA (48 hours to complete)
Three rapid HIV blood tests |
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What is the follow-up confirmation test?
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Western blot assay
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What does CD4 T-cell counts measure?
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Indicator of how much immunocompetence remains; goal of high counts
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What is viral load?
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HIV RNA in plasma; goal of low counts
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Treatment of symptomatic or acute HIV disease should be immediate and aggressive.
T or F |
True
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All drugs should be changed if there is resistance or allergy to one HIV drug.
T or F |
False
Change one drug in allergy Change all drugs in resistance |
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What is the best way to reduce transmission of HIV from mother to child?
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Minimize maternal viral load
HAART- Zidovudine Treatment starting 14th week of gestation During labor and delivery Infant 6 weeks postpartum |
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What should be started within hours after exposure to body fluids?
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Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
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