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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acyclovir (Zovirix)
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Herpes drug
guanosine derivative phosphorylated to acyclovir triphosphate by thymidine kinase competitive substrate of viral DNA polymerase...irreversible complex. chain termination cross resistant: valcyclovir, famciclovir, ganciclovir ADE: nausea, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity |
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valacyclovir (Valtrex)
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Herpes drug
prodrug of Acyclovir oral dosage has better bioavailability than acyclovir no IV dosage form |
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famciclovir (Famvir)
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Herpes drug
guanosine alnalog prodrug of penciclovir better bioavailability than acyclovir but lower affinity for viral dna pol oral only |
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penciclovir
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herpes drug
guanosine analog topical use only must be used every 2 hrs to shorten duration of lesions by 1/2 day |
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ganciclovir (Cytovene)
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for CMV
acyclic guanosine analog phosphorylated by phosphotransfersase inhibits viral DNA pol and causes termination of viral DNA elongation ADE's: myelosuppression, carcinogenic, embryotoxic oral, IV |
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valganciclovir (Valcyte)
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CMV
prodrug of ganciclovir only oral |
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Cidofovir
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CMV drug
cytosine nucleotide analog phosphorylation does not require viral enzymes inhibits viral DNA polymerase very long half life IV formulation only ADE: 25% of people get nephrotoxicity ganciclovir resistant CMV may be cross-resistant to cidofovir |
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Foscarnet
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for HSV and CMV
inorganic pyrophosphate inhibits DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, HIV reverse transcriptase directly does not require phosphorylation active against acyclovir and ganciclovir resistant strains |
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Tenofovir (Viread)
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nucleoTide reverse transcriptase inhibitor
does not require phosphorylation |
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Lamivudine (Epivir)
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NRTI (HIV and HBV)
structural analog of purine and pyrimidine base...competitively inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase incorporated in viral DNA chain and causes termination ADE: lactic acidemia, hepatomegaly, steatosis |
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Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT)
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NRTI
adverse class drug effects: lactic acidemia, hepatomegaly, steatosis IDE - bone marrow suppression |
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Emtricitabine
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NRTI
ACDE: lactic acidemia, hepatomegaly, steatosis |
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abacavir
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NRTI
ACDE: lactic acidemia, hepatomegaly, steatosis IDE: hypersensitivity rxn...can progress to multi-organ failure |
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efavirenz (Sustiva)
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NNRTI
ACDE: hypersensitivity rxns, Stevens-Johnson |
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tipranavir
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PIs
ACDE: metabolic syndrome (lipodystrophy, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia) IDE: 14 reports of fatal and non-fatal intracranial hemorrhage |
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lopinavir/ritonavir
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PI's are metabolized by CYP3A4...so dosed together with ritonavir b/c it is the most potent inhibitor of CYP3A4...concurrent admin results in increased plasma levels
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atazanavir
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PI
ACDE: metabolic syndrome (lipodystrophy, hyperlipdemia, hyperglycemia) |
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enfuvirtide
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Fusion inhibitor
binds to gp41 and prevents conformational changes required for fusion of viral and cell membranes no cross resistance ADE: injection site rxns, eosinophilia for treatment experienced |
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maraviroc
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entry inhibitors
binds to CCR5 receptor and CD4 cells preventing HIV from binding to this receptor ADE: cough URI, rash, abdominal pain, musculoskeletal, dizziness warning regarding hepatoxicity caution in patients on anti-hypertensive therapy (postural hypertension is dose limiting ADR) |
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raltegravir
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Integrase Inhibitors
inhibit insertion of HIV DNA into human DNA by integrase enzyme ADE: diarrhea, nausea, headache, Creatine kinase elevations noted, myopathy, rhabdomylosis for treatment experienced |
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adefovir
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HBV drug
nucleoTide analag of adenosine competitively inhibits HBV DNA pol resulting in chain termination active in lamivudine resistant strains ADE: reversible nephrotoxicity |
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entecavir
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HBV drug
guanosine nucleoside analog competes with natural substrate of HBV polymerase to inhibit DNA synthesis more potent anti-viral activity than lamivudine resistance rare ADE: lactic acidosis,hepatomegaly w/ steatosis |
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ribavirin
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HCV drug
guanosine analog undergoes phosphorylation interferes w/ synthesis of guanosine triphosphate and inhibits viral RNA polymerase use w/ interferon alpha 2b ADE: hemolytic anemia |
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amantidine and rimantidine
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anti-influenza A drug
inhibit uncoating of viral RNA of influenza A and prevent replication target protein is M2 rimantidine >>>> amantidine 70-90% protective in prevention of influenza A begun w/in 1-2 days of symptoms reduces duration 1-2 days |
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oseltamivir
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neuraminidase inhibitor...viral protein needed for viral replication and release from infected cells
release of viral progeny inhibited and spread to neighboring cells, result is virus "sticking" to host cell oral prodrug |
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zanamivir
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neuraminidase inhibitor...viral protein needed for viral replication and release from infected cells
release of viral progeny inhibited and spread to neighboring cells, result is virus "sticking" to host cell oral inhaler |
