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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the mechanisms of action of oseltamavir?
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It blocks viral release by inhibiting neuraminidase, thus preventing sialic acid cleavage
As a result, the virus just sticks to the cell and is not released |
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Name two neuraminidase inhibtors
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oseltamivir and zanamivir
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Why is acyclovir specific for viruses in the treatment of HSV?
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It requires viral thymidine kinase for phosphorylation to the active form
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase |
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What is the mechanism of action of purine analogs used in the treatment of HSV?
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Inhibition of DNA polymerase
Requires viral thymidine kinase for activation |
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Trifluridine
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Pyrimidine analog for HSV
Blocks viral DNA synthesis Used for keratoconjuctivitis |
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Valacyclovir
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Purine analog / treatment for HSV
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase Requires viral thymidine kinase |
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Penciclovir
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Purine analog / treatment for HSV
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase Requires viral thymidine kinase |
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Famciclovir
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Purine analog / treatment for HSV
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase Requires viral thymidine kinase |
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Foscarnet
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Blocks viral DNA/RNA polymerase & HIV reverse transcriptase
Last resort for HSV (not used for HIV) RENAL FAILURE |
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What is the pharmacotherapy for shingles (VZV)?
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Purine analogs
(acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir) Foscarnet as last resort |
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Gancyclovir
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Purine analog
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase (100X more potent than acyclovir) Used to treat CMV |
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Valganciclovir
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Purine analog
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase (100X more potent than acyclovir) Used to treat CMV |
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Cidovofir
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Pyrimidine analog
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase Used for CMV retinitis in AIDS patients not responding to gancyclovir or foscarnet NEPHROTOXIC - must be infused |
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What is HAART?
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Treatment regimen for HIV
Includes: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, non-nucleotide inhibitor, fusion inhibitor, protease inhibitor |
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Zidovudine
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Nucleoside RTI
Blocks viral DNA synthesis Activated by phosphorylation |
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Didanosine
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Nucleoside RTI
Blocks viral DNA synthesis Activated by phosphorylation |
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Lamivudine
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Nucleoside RTI
Blocks viral DNA synthesis Activated by phosphorylation |
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Abacavir
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Nucleoside RTI
Blocks viral DNA synthesis Activated by phosphorylation |
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Emtricitabine
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Nucleoside RTI
Blocks viral DNA synthesis Activated by phosphorylation |
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Tenovofir
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Nucleotide RTI
Blocks viral DNA synthesis |
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Nevirapine
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Non-nucleotide RTI (not a substrate)
Directly binds and inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase |
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Delavirdine
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Non-nucleotide RTI (not a substrate)
Directly binds and inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase |
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Efavirenz
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Non-nucleotide RTI (not a substrate)
Directly binds and inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase |
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Indinavir
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Protease inhibitor
HIV treatment |
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Saquinavir
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Protease inhibitor
HIV treatment |
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Ritonavir
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Protease inhibitor
HIV treatment |
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Lopinavir
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Protease inhibitor
HIV treatment |
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Enfuvirtide
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Fusion inhibitor (binds gp41)
Prevents viral entry 36 amino acids (must be injected) |
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Lamivudine
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Oral antiretroviral treatment for hepatitis
Suppresses hepatitis B infection Curative for Hep C not Hep B |
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Interferon alpha
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Cytokine treatment for hepatitis
Upregulates immune machinery PEGylation reduces dosage Curative for Hep C not Hep B |
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Ribavirin
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Guanosine analog
Inhibits viral mRNA capping Only indicated for hepatitis C |
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Amantadine
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Blocks M2 ion channel
Prevents viral uncoating Only indicated for influenza A |
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Rimantadine
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Blocks M2 ion channel
Prevents viral uncoating Only indicated for influenza A |
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Ribavirin is used in the treatment of which viruses?
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Hepatitis
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) |
