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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is HSV-3 |
Varicella |
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prototype of antiherpetic drug given orally or intravenously |
Acyclovir |
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antiherpetic agent that has a 5 time higher concentration that acyclovir |
valacyclovir |
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antiherpetic agent metabolized to penciclovir |
famciclovir |
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two types of topical antiherpetic agents |
penciclovir Trifluridine |
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type of antiherpetic agent that inhibits fusion between plasma membrane and HSV envelop. this drug is also available over the counter |
Docosanol |
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another type of antiherpetic drug not previously mentioned |
Vidarabine |
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acyclovir is phosphorylated by what enzyme into what |
viral thymidine kinase to acyclovir-monophosphate |
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what does its active form do |
inhibits viral DNA polymerase acts as a DNA chain terminator |
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adverse reactions of acyclovir |
CNS and Renal toxicity |
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how does a virus develops resistance to acyclovir |
Lack of viral thymidine kinase (activator) Changes in the viral DNA polymerase (target enzyme) |
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what can be given in cases of resistance to acyclovir
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foscarnet cidofovir trifluridine |
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acyclovir is used against what |
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 and VaricellaZoster |
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what does it NOT cover |
CMV |
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how does trifluridine work |
it is Converted to active triphosphate form by host cellular enzymes and is Incorporated into DNA, terminating synthesis |
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why is it only used topically |
it is too toxic for systemic use because it can be incorporated into host DNA after phosphorylation by host enzyme |
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what antiherpetic agent is used in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis and Vaccinia virus keratitis |
trifluridine |
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what is Docosanol used for |
oro-labial herpes (cold sores) |
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how does it work |
it blocks HSV envelope fusion with the cellular and viral envelope membranes which prevents entry into host cell |
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what are the 5 Anti-Cytomegalo virus Agents |
Ganciclovir Valganciclovir Cidofovir Foscarnet Fomivirsen |
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which Anti-Cytomegalovirus Agent is phosphorylated by host cell |
Cidofovir |
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which Anti-Cytomegalovirus Agent has no need for phosphorylation |
Foscarnet |
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is activation of Ganciclovir dependent on viral enzymes |
yes |
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how does Ganciclovir work |
its Triphosphate form inhibits viral DNA polymerase and cause chain termination |
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what is Ganciclovir used for |
CMV HSV VZV |
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Drug of choice for CMV retinitis, pneumonia, and esophagitis |
Ganciclovir |
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adverse reactions to Ganciclovir |
bonemarrow suppression rash crystalizes in urine CNS (rare) |
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bone marrow suppression leads to what |
leukopenia and thrombocytopenia |
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how does Foscarnet work |
Acts by directly inhibiting the DNA and RNA polymerases |
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what else does it inhibit
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HIV reverse transcriptase |
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adverse reaction to Foscarnet |
nephrotoxicity Hypocalcemia Hypomagnesemia |
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what is Foscarnet used for |
Used for Rx. CMV and acyclovir-resistant strains of HSV also covers ganciclovir-resistant |
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what is Cidofovir used for
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treatment of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients |
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does it need a virus enzyme |
NO |
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common adverse drug reaction |
proximal tubular nephrotoxicity |
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what is Fomivirsen mechanism of action |
inhibits protein translation and viral replication by binding to mRNA and destroying it |
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what is it used for and how is it given |
CMV retinitis (given as an intravitreal injection) |
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side effects of Fomivirsen |
iritis and increased intraocular pressure |
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what are the types of influenza |
types A, B, and C |
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which types are the focus of antiviral treatment |
A and B |
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which type is responsible for global epidemics such as H3N2-swine flu |
type A |
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which type is responsible for regional outbreaks |
type B |
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anti-influenza drugs that are neuraminidase inhibitors |
Oseltamivir Zanamivir |
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where is neuraminidase found |
found on the outer cell membrane of viral particles |
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how do neuraminidase inhibitors work |
act directly on this enzyme, interfering with its ability to release and spread the infection throughout the body |
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neuraminidase inhibitors are active against what |
influenza A & B |
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when should they be used |
within 36 - 48 hours of onset |
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which type of neuraminidase inhibitors is only available in inhaler form |
Zanamivir |
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two other types of anti-influenza drugs |
Amantadine Rimantadine |
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what do they work against |
Influenza A virus |
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what is their mechanism of action |
BlockM2 proton ion channel of virus and inhibits uncoating of viral RNA within infected host cells |
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adverse reactions to Amantadine and Rimantadine |
Insomnia,seizures and arrhythmias at high doses |
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CNS toxicity is seen more with which one |
amantadine |
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what other side effects do they cause |
atropine- like peripheral effects and livedo reticularis |
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what is livedo reticularis |
venous swelling due to capillary thrombi |
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Interferons are useful in treatment of what |
HBV and HCV by increasing virus RNA as expression |
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type of oral administration for HCV |
Ribavirin- guanosine analog |
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what is given as a nebulizer in severe RSV infections |
Ribavirin |
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what is an antibody to A antigen on RSV and is used for prophylaxis in higher risk children |
Palivizumab |
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what does Ribavirin do |
InhibitsRNA dependent RNA polymerases andcapping of mRNA |
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adverse reactions to adverse drug reactions |
hemolytic anemia teratogenic |
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•Pegylatedinterferon alfa-2a and 2-b refers to what hepatitis |
Hepatitis C |
