Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What sort of drugs are used to treat herpes virus?
|
acyclic nucleoside analogues that require viral nucleoside kinase for activation
|
|
|
What is an example of a drug used to treat herpes?
|
acyclovir and ganciclovir
|
|
|
What enzyme is inhibited by acyclovir?
|
The viral DNA dependent DNA polymerase
|
|
|
Against what types of viruses is acyclovir effective?
|
Herpes simplex 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus
|
|
|
What drug is effective against CMV?
|
Gangciclovir
|
|
|
What is an example of a topical anti-viral given for herpes simplex?
|
trifluridine
|
|
|
What are two drugs that are used against influenza A?
|
amantadine and rimantadine
|
|
|
What virus are the drugs amantadine and rimantadine used against and what is the mechanism of action?
|
They are used for influenza infections and block the pre-lysosomal uncoating of the virus following pentetration
|
|
|
What is the function of neuraminidase inhibitors?
|
They are used to treat influenza viruses by blocking the removal of the neuraminic acid from the glycolipids and glycoproteins of influenza virus-infected cells, preventing budding of new viruses
|
|
|
What is the most effective current therapy for chronic infection with hepatitis C virus?
|
A combination of oral ribavirin and injected recombinant interferon alpha
|
|
|
What is an example of a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and how is it's structure significant?
|
Zidovudine/AZT, it lacks both 2' hydroxyl groups (dideoxy); it is phosphorylated by host kinases
|
|
|
What is an example of a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and what virus does it target?
|
Nevirapine, used to treat HIV
|
|
|
What are the six classes of drugs used against HIV?
|
1) CCR5 antaganist (2) fusion inhibitor (3) nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (4) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (5) protease inhibitor (6) integrase inhibitor
|
|
|
What is the MOA of protease inhibitors?
|
They competitively inhibit the viral enzymatic activity of the protease which cleaves the polyprotein into functional proteins
|
|
|
What is the MOA of integrase inhibitors?
|
They inhibit the viral structural enzyme involved in integration of the newly sythesized proviral DNA into the host chromosomal DNA
|
|
|
What two therapies against HIV are non-enzymatic?
|
Fusion inhibitors and CCR5 antagonists
|
|
|
For what two viruses are "dideoxy" nucleotides specific?
|
HIV and hepatitis B
|
|
|
How can resistance to NRTI, NNRTI, II, and PI enzyme inhibitors occur?
|
Mutations that occur in the HIV pol gene, which encodes all of the mentioned enzymes
|
|
|
What is the stimulus for the production of interferons alpha and beta?
|
Viral double stranded RNA binding to Toll-like receptor 3
|
|
|
What types of cells produce gamma interferon?
|
Th1 CD4 T helper cells
|
|
|
How do interferons mediate antiviral activity?
|
They do not directly inactivate virions, but instead bind to cell surface receptors and stimulate the synthesis of intracellular enzymes with antiviral activity (degradation of viral DNA and inhibit protein synthesis)
|
|
|
What is the main function of interferon gamma?
|
Macrophage activation and induction of class II MHC synthesis
|
|
|
What is the major use for interferon clinically?
|
Hep B and C
|
|
|
What are some clinical uses for recombinant interferon alpha?
|
Hairy cell leukemia, AIDS related Kaposi sarcoma, condylomata acuminata, genital warts causes by human papillomavirus, Hep B and C
|
|
|
What is the function of the drug imiquimod?
|
It can induce the endogenous synthesis of IFN alpha and other cytokines
|
|
|
What topical therapy is used for anogenital warts, flat warts, and mollescum contagiosum?
|
imiquimod
|
|
|
How are acylcovir and ganciclovir activated?
|
They activated by the addition of a phosphate by a VIRAL enzyme known as thymidine kinase
|
|
|
What is the difference between nucleoside analogues given for HIV and those given for Herpes?
|
Herpes antivirals are acyclic and phosphorylated by viral kinases while HIV are dideoxy and phosphorylated by host kinases
|
|
|
What are two NRTI's commonly used to treat HIV and which one can be used to treat hepatitis B?
|
Zidovudine/AZT and lamivudine/3TC; the latter is used against Hep B
|
