Antiviral Agents, Chapter 49

Front 1

True or False
Antiviral drugs are active against replicating viruses and latent viruses.

Back 1

False
Not affective against latent viruses.

Front 2

An acyclic guanosine derivative with clinical activity again HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, CMV, and HHV-6.

Back 2

Acyclovir
Valcycovir

Front 3

True or False
Acyclovir requires a viral kinase for initial phosphorylation.

Back 3

True

Front 4

This drug inhibits DNA synthesis by competition with deoxyGTP for the viral DNA polymerase and chain termination following incorporation into the viral DNA.

Back 4

Acyclovir
Valcyclovir

Front 5

How is acyclovir primarily cleared?

Back 5

Glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.

Front 6

True or False
Resistance to acyclovir can develop in HSV or VZV.

Back 6

True.
Via DNA polymerase or thymidine kinase alteration.

Front 7

True or False
Probenecid and cimetidine increase acyclovir clearance and decrease exposure.

Back 7

False
decrease and increase

Front 8

What is the L-valyl ester of acyclovir?

Back 8

Valcyclovir

Front 9

True or False
Valcyclovir is 3-5 times more orally available than acyclovir.

Back 9

True

Front 10

What is the diacety ester prodrug of 6-deoxypenciclovir?

Back 10

Famciclovir

Front 11

True or False
Penciclovir causes chain termination.

Back 11

False

Front 12

True or False
Penciclovir has higher affinity for the viral DNA polymerase than acyclovir, but it achieves lower intracellular concentrations.

Back 12

False.
Lower, higher.

Front 13

What are the three common side effects seen in the (cyclovir) drugs?

Back 13

Headache, diarrhea, nausea.

Front 14

The ________ serves as the template for synthesis of a double-stranded DNA copy, the provirus.

Back 14

retroviral genomic RNA

Front 15

Synthesis of the provirus is mediated by a virus-encoded RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, or "_____________".

Back 15

Reverse transcriptase

Front 16

The provirus is translocated to the ________ and integrated into host _____.

Back 16

Nucleus, DNA

Front 17

Transcription of the provirus, which is integrated into the DNA, is regulated primarily by _________ __________ machinery.

Back 17

Cellular transcriptional.

Front 18

True or False
There is a high rate of mutation of HIV-1 per replication cycle.

Back 18

True

Front 19

These drugs act by competitive inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase

Back 19

Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Front 20

True or False
All NRTIs may be associated with mitochondrial toxicity.

Back 20

True
Inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma.

Front 21

This class of drugs bind directly to HIV-1 transcriptase, resulting in allosteric inhibition of RNA and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

Back 21

Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Front 22

True or False
NNRTIs have activity against HIV-2.

Back 22

False.

Front 23

True or False
NNRTIs are not metabolized by CYP3A4 but can cause GI intolerance and skin rash.

Back 23

False
Are metabolized by CYP3A4

Front 24

This class of drugs prevent post-translational cleavage of the Gag-Pol polyprotein, thereby preventing the processing of viral proteins into functional conformation.

Back 24

Protease Inhibitors

Front 25

True or False
Protease inhibitors are active against both HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Back 25

True

Front 26

PI
Common GI disturbances. Contains a sulfonamide moiety. Inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Should be co-administered with ritonavir.

Back 26

Darunavir

Front 27

PI
Inhibits CYP3A4. Most common side effects are GI disturbances. Formulated with ritonavir.

Back 27

Lopinavir

Front 28

PI
Metabolized by CYP3A4 and has high absorption in the fed state. Most common side effects are diarrhea and flatulence.

Back 28

Nelfinavir

Front 29

PI
Treats patients with resistance to other PIs. Metabolized by the liver microsomal system. Most common side effects are GI disturbances. Induces CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein transporters.

Back 29

Tipranavir

Front 30

Entry Inhibitor
A synthetic 36-amino-acid peptide fusion inhibitor that blocks entry into the cell. Binds to gp41 subunit of the viral envelope. No activity against HIV-2.

Back 30

Enfuvirtide

Front 31

Entry Inhibitor
Binds specifically and selectivity to CCR5. Treats HIV-1 infection. Substrate for CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein.

Back 31

Maraviroc

Front 32

Integrase Inhibitor
Pyrimidinone analog that binds integrase and inhibits strand transfer, thus interfering with the integration of reverse-transcribed HIV DNA into the chromosomes of host cells.

Back 32

Raltegravir

Front 33

Integrase Inhibitor
Pyrimidinone analo that binds integrase and inhibits strand transfer, thus interfering with the integration of reverse-transcribed HIV DNA into the chromosomes of host cells.

Back 33

Raltegravir

Front 34

True or False
The goals of chronic HBV therapy are to slow progression of progression of hepatic disease, prevention of complications, and reduction of the need for liver transplantation.

Back 34

True

Front 35

The diester prodrug of adefovir dipivoxil that competitively inhibits HBV DNA polymerase to result in chain termination after incorporation into the viral DNA.

Back 35

Adefovir

Front 36

Which drug may be slower to suppress HBV DNA levels and the least likely to induce HBeAg seroconversion.

Back 36

Adefovir

Front 37

True or False
Adefovir is not associated with a dose-dependent nephrotoxicity.

Back 37

False

Front 38

Which influenza strain is the only to cause pandemics and can affect a variety of animal host?

Back 38

A

Front 39

Which influenza strain usually only affects humans?

Back 39

B

Front 40

Block the M2 proton ion channel of the virus particle and inhibit uncoating of the viral RNA within infected host cells, thus preventing replication.

Back 40

Amantadine
Rimantadine

Front 41

True or False
Amantadine and Rimantadine are only affective against influenza B.

Back 41

False.
Influenza A

Front 42

True or False
Rimantadine is 4-10 times more active than amantadine.

Back 42

True

Front 43

Which has the longer half-life amantadine or rimantadine?

Back 43

Rimantadine.

Front 44

Which is secreted unchanged in the urine, amantidine or rimantadine?

Back 44

Amantidine.

Front 45

True or False
Amantidine and rimantadine can be used prophylactically and their most common side effects are GI and CNS disturbances.

Back 45

True

Front 46

Should amantidine and rimantadine be used during pregnancy?

Back 46

No... birth defects have been reported.

Front 47

Name two neuramindase inhibitors that interfere with the release of progeny influenza virus from infected to new host cells, thus halting the spread of infection within the respiratory tract.

Back 47

Oseltamivir
Zanamivir

Front 48

True or False
Oseltamivir and Zanamivir have activity against both influenza A and B.

Back 48

True

Front 49

True or False
Oseltamivir and zanamivir are competitive and reversible inhibitors of neuraminidase and can be used prophylactically.

Back 49

True

Front 50

Which of two (oseltamivir and zanamivir) is a prodrug whose half-life is 6-10 hours?

Back 50

Oseltamivir

Front 51

Is zanamivir a prodrug and what is its' half-life and side effects?

Back 51

No, it's delivered directly to the RT.
2.8 hours
Cough, bronchospasms