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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what compounds need activation by viral enzyme and what enzyme is needed?
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acyclic nucleoside analogues; activated by thymidine kinase
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what category is acyclovir in?
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acyclic nucleoside analogues
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what viruses is acyclovir effective against?
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HSV 1 and 2; VZV; NOT effective against CMV
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what acyclic nucleoside analogue is effective against CMV?
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ganciclovir
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what are examples of nucleoside analogues and what viruses are they used to treat?
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trifluridine, cidofovir, foscarnet, fomivirsen; to treat herpesvirus infection
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what is the mechanism of amantadine and rimantadine, what virus are they effective against?
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block pre-lysosomal uncoating of virus following attachment and penetration of influenza A
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which compounds are effective against influenza A and B, what is their mechanism?
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neuraminidase inhibitors; prevent budding of new virions
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what is ribavirin and what is it used for?
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ribonucleoside analogue of guanosine; used in combo with infected recombinant IFN-alpha to treat hepatitis C
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what is the mechanism of nucleoside transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), what viral infections are they used for, and what is an example?
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dideoxy so chain terminating; used for HIV infection; zidovudine/AZT was first antiretroviral drug
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what is lamivudine/3TC and what viruses is it used for?
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NRTI; used for HIV and hep B
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what is the mechanism of non-nucleoside reverse trancsriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and an example?
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target transcriptase, used to prevent neonatal transmission of HIV from infected mother; nevirapine
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what is mechanism of protease inhibitors (PI) and what infections are they used for?
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competitively inhibit the virla enzymatic activity which is necessary for processing of viral polyproteins into mature virion proteins; HIV infection
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which compounds inhibit integration of newly synthesized proviral DNA into host chromosomal DNA?
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integrase inhibitors (IIs)
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which gene does HIV develop resistance to NRTI, NNRTI, II and PI?
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HIV pol gene
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what is the mechanism of CCR5 coreceptor antagonists?
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antagonists of HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein binding to the CCR5 coreceptor molecule on CD4+ T cells and macrophages/monocytes
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what compounds inhibit a non-enzymatic step in viral entry?
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fusion inhibitors (FIs)
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what effect does IFN-gamma have on the immune system?
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activate macrophages and induce class II MHC/HLA synthesis
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what is the major use of IFN-gamma?
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chronic viral hepatitis due to hep B and C
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why is IFN-alpha conjugated to PEG (polyethylene glycol)?
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longer half life so don't need as many injections
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what is the mechanism of imiquimod and how is it used?
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induce endogenous synthesis of IFN-alpha and other cytokines; it is used topically for anogenital warts, flat warts, molluscum contagiosum
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