Antiterroism

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Joint Pub 3-07.2

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Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Antiterrorism

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Combatting terrorism is an element of

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force protection

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Antiterrorism involves defensive measures used
to

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reduce the vulnerability to terrorist acts

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counterterrorism which consists of offensive measures taken to

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prevent, deter, and respond to terrorism.

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regardless of echelon of command or branch of Service, has an inherent responsibility for
planning, resourcing, training, exercising, and executing antiterrorism measures to provide for the security of the command

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Every commander

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regardless of rank, has an inherent responsibility to maintain vigilance for possible terrorist actions

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military Service member

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is responsible for protecting its own personnel, bases,
ships, deployed forces, equipment, and installations.

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The Department of Defense

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The lead agency for incidents outside the United States

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Department of State

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for incidents within the
United States

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Department of Justice

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for certain aviation incidents

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Department of Transportation
and/or Federal Aviation Administration

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is responsible for
reducing the risk of maritime terrorist incidents and for
manning the National Terrorism Hotline

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US Coast Guard

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participates at all levels of
foreign and domestic antiterrorism program planning and implementation.

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command judge advocate

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phase encompasses the planning, resourcing, preventive measures, preparation, awareness
education, and training that take place before a terrorist
incident.

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proactive

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phase includes the crisis management actions taken to resolve a terrorist incident.

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reactive

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plan provides the mechanism to ensure readiness against
terrorist attacks

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antiterrorism

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defined as “the
calculated use of violence or threat of
violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or
societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or
ideological.”

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terrorism

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Combatting terrorism involves actions including

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antiterrorism (AT) (defensive
measures used to reduce the vulnerability to terrorist acts) and counterterrorism (CT) (offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, and respond to terrorism)

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is defensive measures
used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals
and property to terrorist acts, to include limited
response and containment by local military forces.

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Antiterrorism

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is offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, and respond
to terrorism.

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Counterterrorism

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A critical factor in understanding terrorism is the importance of the

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emotional impact of the terrorist act on an audience other than the victim.

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A term generally applied
to the killing of prominent persons and symbolic enemies as well as traitors who
defect from the group.

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Assassination

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an overt seizure of one or more individuals
with the intent of gaining publicity or other
concessions in return for release of the hostage.

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Hostage Taking

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is usually a covert seizure of one or more specific persons in order to extract specific demands.

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Kidnapping

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is normally carried out to produce a spectacular hostage situation.

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hijacking

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Less dramatic than most tactics, has the advantage of low risk to the perpetrator and requires only a low level of technical knowledge.

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arson

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The improvised explosive
device (IED) is the terrorist’s weapon of
choice

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Bombing

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usually involves a
building or object that has value in the eyes of the audience

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Seizure

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to gain access to radio
or television broadcast capabilities in order
to make a statement; to demonstrate the government’s inability to secure critical
facilities or national symbols; or to acquire
resources

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Raids or Attacks on Facilities

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incidents is to demonstrate how vulnerable society is to terrorist actions.

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sabotage

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False alarms dull the analytical and operational efficiency of key security personnel, thus degrading readiness.

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Hoaxes

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Terrorist groups are
categorized by

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government affiliation

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A terrorist group that operates autonomously, receiving no significant
support from any government

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Non-State-Supported

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A terrorist group that generally operates independently but receives support from one or more governments; e.g., Popular
Front for the Liberation of Palestine

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State-Supported

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A terrorist group that operates as an agent of a government, receiving
substantial intelligence, logistic, and operational support from the sponsoring
government; e.g., Abu Nidal organization

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State-Directed

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Larger terrorist groups (100 or more members) normally have a

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central command and control element with one or
more subordinate elements

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Smaller groups (50 or fewer members) may have a

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single command element that directly controls all of the operational and support cells
regardless of where they are established.

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Terrorist groups often structure themselves in a manner similar

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to military organizations

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complicates security
force intelligence efforts and creates confusion in determining the decision
makers,

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splintering

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The active, operational cadre are the doers

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the men and women who carry
out terrorist attacks and train others

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Active supporters

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do not actually
commit violent acts but assist the
terrorists by providing money,
intelligence, legal or medical services, and/or safe houses or forged documents.

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are the most difficult to define and identify. Most of
these people are sympathetic to the terrorist group’s cause, but will not assume an active role due to fear of
reprisal if exposed or identified

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Passive supporters

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They believe that their cause
is so noble or worthy that it may be promoted by any means, including the use of terror

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Crusaders

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commit terrorist acts for personal gain rather than
ideology

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Criminals or professionals

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who commit terrorist acts often believe that they have some special mandate from a deity

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Emotionally or mentally disturbed people

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One reason some terrorist groups target the United States and its citizens is

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ideological differences

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When Americans are abducted
overseas, the United States will look to the

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host government to exercise its responsibility under international law

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is the lead agency for
response to terrorism outside the United States, other than incidents on US flag vessels in international waters.

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DOS

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is the lead agency for
domestic terrorism

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DOJ

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is the lead for operational
response to terrorist incidents

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FBI

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serve as the lead agency for terrorist incidents that
occur aboard an aircraft in flight within US jurisdiction

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DOT and/or FAA

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is responsible, within the limits of US territorial seas, for reducing the risk of a maritime terrorist incident

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US Coast Guard (USCG)

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captured terrorists are not afforded the protection
from

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criminal prosecution attendant ton prisoner of war status

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The Federal Government has received all of the authority of the state

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Exclusive jurisdiction

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The Federal Government and the state each have the same authority

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Concurrent Jurisdiction

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The Federal Government exercises some authority and the state exercises some authority

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Partial Jurisdiction

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The Federal Government has acquired an interest in, or title to, property but has no legislative jurisdiction over it

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Proprietorial Jurisdiction

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assists the President in
formulating US policy for dealing with
terrorist acts and advises the President on
terrorist threats that endanger US interests.

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The National Security
Council

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This
condition applies when there is a general threat of possible terrorist activity against personnel and facilities, the nature and extent of which are unpredictable

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THREATCON ALPHA

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This condition applies when an increased and more predictable threat of terrorist activity exists. The measures in this THREATCON
must be capable of being maintained for weeks without causing undue hardship,
affecting operational capability, and aggravating relations with local authorities

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THREATCON BRAVO

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This condition applies when an incident occurs or intelligence is received indicating some form of terrorist action against personnel and facilities is imminent. Implementation
of measures in this THREATCON for more than a short period probably will create
hardship and affect the peacetime activities
of the unit and its personnel.

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THREATCON CHARLIE—

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This condition applies in the immediate area where a terrorist attack has occurred or when intelligence has been received that terrorist action against a specific location or person is likely. Normally, this THREATCON is declared as a localized
condition.

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THREATCON DELTA—

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is a continual process of compiling and examining all available information concerning potential terrorist activities by terrorist groups which could target a facility.

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threat analysis

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Information of potential intelligence value that is available to the general public

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open-source intelligence.

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An agreement which defines the legal position of a visiting military force deployed in the territory of a
friendly state

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status-of-forces agreement.