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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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carbamazepine
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prophylaxis of bipolar, treatment of mania, severe mania
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clonazepam
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effective in first week of mania not for prophylaxis of bipolar disorder
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valproic acid (depakote)
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anticonvulsant, effective antimania 1-4 days after therapeutic serum levels reached
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antianxiety mechanism of benzos: type alpha 1 receptors
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anticonvulsants
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benzo mechanism alpha 2 subtype
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skeletal muscle relaxation
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short acting benzos
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triazolam and oxazepam
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long acting benzos and old farts
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phase 1 oxidation decreases with age, so T 1/2 increases so dose will need to be increased
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difference in metabolism of lorazepam (ATIVAN)
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extrahepatic metabolism
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diazepam pharmacokinetics
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lipid soluble, short duration of action
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lorazepam pharmacokinetics
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more water soluble than lipid soluble, longer duration of action
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anticonvulsant benzos
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diazepam clonazepam
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benzo used for anesthesia
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midazolam
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anterograde amnesia from benzos
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common with flunitrazepam (ROHYPNOL)
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benzos with alcohol
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more intense effects because alcohol affects gated chloride channels
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OD on benzos, what is antidote
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flumazenil, competitive antagonist in benzodiazepine receptor, contraindicated in epileptics, will not work with barbs
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benzos and enzyme induction in liver
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none
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barbiturates and enzyme induction in liver
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lots and barbs interfere with other drugs in plasma
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short acting benzos withdrawal
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severe with rebound insomnia
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buspirone
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antianxiety without sedation hypnosis
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busparone mechanism
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antagonist of 5HT1A
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alpha 1 subtype chloride channel hypnotics
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zolpidem, zalepon, eszopiclone
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facilitate renal excretion of barbs
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alkinate urine
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new benzo mechanism
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bind to alpha 1 subtype only to help induce sleep with less abuse potential
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zolpidem mechanism
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non-benzo (ambien) that binds to omega 1 receptors. most widely used hypnotic, does not help with convulsions or muscle spasms
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zaleplon mechanism
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(sonata) binds alpha 1 receptor, preserve sleep stages
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eszopiclone mechanism
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lunesta, non-benzo, induce sleep, bind to benzo receptors
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long acting benzos
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flurazepam, quazepam
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intermediate acting benzos
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temazepam, estazolam
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short acting benzos
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triazolam
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