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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common protozoa in veterinary medicine?
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coccidia
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What genus of coccidia are dogs and cats infected with?
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genus Isospora
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How can one identify the coccidia agent in dogs and cats?
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fecal floatation
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When is disease seen in dogs and cats with coccidia infection?
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animals have suboptimal nutrition, immune status or stress
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What is the treatment of choice for small animals with coccidia infection?
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sulfonamides, single agent- sulfadimethoxine
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What potentiated sulfonamides are used for the treatment of coccidia in small animals?
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sulfadimethoxine/ormetoprim
sulfadiazine/trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim |
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Why is prolonged treatment required with sulfonamides for coccidia infection treatment?
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because the sulfonamides are primarily effective against the shizont stage
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What is the MOA of trimethoprim/ormetoprim tx of coccidia?
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blocks hihydrofolate reductase in folic acid synthesis; synergistic with sulfonamides
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How is trimethoprim/ormetoprim excreted?
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hydroxyalated and excreted through the urine
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What is the effects of sulfa toxicity?
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1.crystallization in urinary tract-crystalluria-hematuria and urinary obstruction
2. nephrotoxic 3. thrombocytopenia/leukopenia 4. hypersensitivity rxn/drug fever/uticaria/nonseptic polyarthritis |
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What single agent sulfonamide is used for the treatment of coccidia?
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sulfadimethoxine
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How long should treatment be continued with sulfadimethoxine?
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12 to 21 days
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What route of administration is the most effective route for sulfadimethoxine?
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oral route, though can be also given as an injectable
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What are the contraindications of administering Sulfadimethoxine/ormetoprim?
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don't give if hepatic damage/blood dyscrasias or previous sulfonamide sensitivity
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What potentiated sulfonamide is approved in humans?
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sulfonamide/trimethoprim, example: sulfamehtoxazole/trimethoprim
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What drug competes with thiamine for absorption into the parasite?
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amprolium
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Is amprolium better used as a preventative of treatment?
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preventative
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What defiency can be seen with administration of amprolium?
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thiamine deficiency
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What are some signs seen in dogs with toxoplasmosis?
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neurologic, seizures, fever, tonsilties, tremor, ataxia
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What are some signs seen in cats with toxoplasmosis?
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anorexia, lethargy, dyspnea, weight loss, icterus, vomiting, diarrhea, stiff gait, uveitis, central nervous system involvement, death
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What drug is used to treat Toxoplasmosis?
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Clindamycin
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What agent causes severe fatal pseudomembranous enterocolitis in humans?
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Clostridium difficile
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Sulfa plus Pyrimehtamine is structurally similiar to what drug?
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folic acid antagonist trimethoprim
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What is Pyrimethamine used to treat?
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used to treat toxoplasmosis and EPM
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Pyrimethamine and sulfa are used in conjugation with what agent?
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Brewers yeat
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What can pyrimethamine and sulfa cause?
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anorexia, depression, and myelosuppression
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