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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Coccidiosis?
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enteric disease caused by Eimeria or Isospora spp
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What spp is coccidiosis especially important in?
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poulty industry
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True or False: Coccidiosis is generally host specific and complete entire life cycle in single host
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True
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Describe the Coccidial Life Cycle...
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1. sporoluated oocysts are ingested from the environment
2. sporozites are liberated in the intestine 3. sporozites enter host cell and transform into trophozite 4. trophozite produces merozoite merozoite transform into macrogamonts and microgamonts 5. microgamonts fertilize macrogamonts to form zygotes which produce zygotes and oocysts 6. oocyst are passed in the feces 7. oocysts are sporulated in the environment |
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What is the difference between coccidiostatic and coccidiocidal drugs?
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coccidiostatic- arrest development of the parasite, do NOT kill
coccidiocidal- kill most of the coccidal stages |
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What is the drug/treatment of choice for coccidia in small animals
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Sulfonamides
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What is the shuttle program/rotation(switch)?
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shuttle change anticoccidial drugs during a single grow out period- rotation change anticoccidals between grow out period
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What two groups of drugs are anticoccidials for chickens?
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Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors and hydroxyquinolones
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What drugs are classified under dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors?
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ormetoprim, trimethoprim, and pyrimethamine
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What drug is classified under hydroxyquinolones that is used as an anticoccidial agent in chickens?
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decoquinate (Deccox)
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What is the MOA of decoquinate?
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(anticoccidal in chickens)- inhibition of coccidial respiration by interfering with cytochrome-mediated electron transport of parasite's mitochondria
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True or False: decoquinate (Deccox) is found in 6% premix chicken feed
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True
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How is decoquinate used in dogs?
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it can be used as a prophylaxis in dogs- hepatozoan canis
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What coccidiostat is structurally related to thiamine that acts on the first generation shizont
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amprolium
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What is the MOA of Amprolium?
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acts on the first generation schizont to prevent merozoite production; inhibits thiamine utilization by the parasite
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What precaution should be taken before administration of amprolium?
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it should be diluted!
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True or False: ionophores are coccidiocidal agents
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False, ionophores are coccidiostats in chickens
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What is the MOA of ionophores?
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related to the ability to form lipophilic complexes with alkali metal cations and to transport cations across biological membranes(causing the sporozoites to swell) acting against extracellular spoprozoites and merozoites
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What coccidiostat is extremely toxic to equine?
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monesin, and generally the entire class of drugs
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What is effect of Monesin in ruminants?
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in ruminants increases weight gain and enhances feed efficacy
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T/F: Salinomycin, narcin, and semiduramicin are examples are feed additives?
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T
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What is the MOA of Toltrazuril?
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stops the development of parasite at the intracellular level
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What conditions should Toltrazuril be given in horses and dogs?
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EPM and heptazoon canis
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What anticoccidal agent is used in humans that also has cross resistance to Toltrazuril?
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Diclazuril
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What is Diclazuril used to treat?
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coccdia, toxoplasmosis, and EPM
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As a feed additive, Diclazuril is used in rotation with?
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Coccivac B (coccidiosis vaccine)
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What is the agent of EPM?
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Sarcocystitis neurona
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What is the newest therapy used for the treatment of EPM?
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antiprotozoal/cidal oral paste: Triasine derivative
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What treatment is given to expect 75% improvement of EPM cases?
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Ponazuril (metabolite of tolatrzuril)
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What tx of EPM can produce enterocolitis?
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Navigator (nitazoxanide)
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What is the MOA of ntazoxanide (navigator)?
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shuts down respiration in the target organism S. neurona
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