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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the mode of action of organophosphates?
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acteylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors; causes paralysis
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What are drugs that make up the Macrocyclic Lactones?
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Ivermectin, Milbemycin Oxime, Doramectin, and Moxidectin
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What is the MOA of Ivermectin?
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Kills parasites by enhancing the effects of inhibitory neurotrasmitter- Glutmate,(<GABA), causing flaccid paralysis of affected parasite, thus causing their death or expulsion
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What is important to know about Macrocyclic lactones as they relate to the CNS?
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Macrocyclic lactones do not cross the mammalian BBB, thus have a widemargin of safety
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Toxicity of Ivermectin is reduced with what drug?
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Picrotoxin
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What is Eqvalan?
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Ivermectin in horses in liquid or past
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What is the ivermectin product that is used in dogs and cats?
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Heartguard-30
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What is the difference between the Heartguard-30 and Heartguard-30 Plus?
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Heartguard-30 Plus contains ivermectin and pyrantel for dogs
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How is ivermectin excreted?
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Fecal excretion is about 98%, the rest in urine, and if pregnant, 5% in milk in lactaing females
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What Avermectin product can produce adverse reaction reported in collies and collie-mixed breeds?
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Abamectin
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What is Milbemycin Oxime formulation used in combination with?
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Lufenuron
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What is the milbemycin oxime and lufenuron combination used to treat?
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prevention and control of flea infestation, protection against heartworm
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What drug is considered an endectocide, and what is the definition?
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milbemycin oxime, and it has activity against internal and external parasites
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What are the heterocyclic compounds?
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phenothiazine, piperazine, and diethyl-carbamazine
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What heterocyclic compound drug mode of action is to induce flaccid paralysis in worms
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Piperazine
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What heterocyclic compound has moderate effect on pinworm effection?
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piperazine
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Which heterocyclic compound is the piperazine derivative?
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Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (DEC)
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Excretion of DEC is % urine, % unchanged
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70% excreted in the urine, and 10 to 25% excreted unchanged
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DEC is combined with what drug mainly?
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Oxibendazole
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When can peak concentrations be seen after DEC administration?
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3 hours
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What are the Heartworm Adultlicides?
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Thiacetarsamide Sodium and Melarsomine
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What is the job ot the heartworm adulticides?
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these agents kill adult heart worms but have no significant affect on circulating microfiliarie.
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Adverse reactions with Thiacetarsamide?
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given IV can be very irritating to the tissues, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic
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Before administration of Thiacetarsamide, what do we want to obtain and why?
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Obtain full blood work to evaluate the liver and kidney fxns.
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What can the toxicity of Melarsomine be reversed with?
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3 mg/kg dimercaprol
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What agent is approved for chicken and swine
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Hygromycin
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Toulene is used in what spp.?
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dogs and cats
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Thenium Chlosylate
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used for efficacy against canine hookworms
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