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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Antihelmintic agent
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drugs that kills internal parasites such as helminths or worms
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Vermicide
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antihelmintic that paralyzes the worm and results in the passage of live worm in the feces
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Antinematodal
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drug that treats infection of nematodes or round worms: hookworms,whipworms and strongyles
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Anticestodal
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treats infection of cestodes such as tapeworms or segmented flatworms
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Antiternatodal
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treats flukes or unsegmented flatworms (paragonimus, fasciola, and dicrocoelium parasites)
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Antiprotozoal agents
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treats single celled organisms, Coccidia, Giardia, and toxoplasma organisms
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Coccidiostats
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inhibit the growth of Coccidia
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What nine subcomponents make up antinematodal drugs?
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benzimidazoles, probenzimidazles, imidazothiazoles, tetrahydropyrimidines,
organophosphates, macrocycli lactones, heterocyclic compounds, heartworm adulticides, and other miscellaneous agents |
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What are seven benzimidazole drugs?
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thiabendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole, oxibendazole, albendazole, oxfendazole, and cambendazole
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What is the mechanism of action of Benzimidazoles?
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Disrupts microtubules of nematodes, has broad spectrum activity, larvicidal and ovicidal activity.
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What animals are Benzimidazoles used in?
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Equine, Companion, Cattle, and other Food animals
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What does thiabendazole have a wide range against?
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ascarids and stronglyes, also has antiinflammatory and antifungal activity
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What BZD combination is used daily in preventing heartworm, hookworm infection and removal of whipworms and ascarids from the intestine?
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Oxibendazole and Diethyl-Carbamazine
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What dangers are to be considered when given Oxibendazole and Diethyl-Carbamazine combo?
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drug may be hepatotoxic
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What is mebendazole approved for and in what spp?
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Not approved in cats, approved in dogs against adult hookworms, ascarids, and whipworms
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How often does Fenbendazole(pancur) have to be administered in dogs and cats?
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must be given for 3 days for maximum effect
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How are BZD's metabolized and excreted?
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metabolized by hydroxylation at C5, then conjugated to glucuronide and sulfate, which is then excreted in the urine. can also be excreted in the feces, unchanged
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Why is milk and slaughter clearence times required?
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required before human consumption due to potential tissue and milk residues
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What are the two probenzimidazole compounds?
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Netobimin and Febantel
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What is Netobimin converted to after administration and where? Febantel?
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Netobimin is converted to Albendozole and Febantel is converted to Fenbendazole is the GI tract
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What is netobimin affective against?
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nematocidal, cestocidal, and fasciolicidal activity in ruminants and nematocidal activity in horses
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What is febantel effective against?
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nematodes in swine, ruminants, and zoo animals
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True or False: the MOA of febantel is similiar to BZD's
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True
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What drug(s) is(are) Imidazothiazoles?
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Levamisole
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In the US, Levamisole is used in what spp?
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cattle, sheep, and swine
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What is the MOA of Levamisole?
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Has cholinergic(Ach) activity that causes sustained muscle contraction and paralysis in nematodes. It also has muscarinic nad nicotinic effects
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How much Levamisole is excreted in the urine after 12 hours?
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40%
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How long does it take for Levamisole to be eliminated in the feces?
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8 days
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What are signs of Levamisole toxicity?
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salivation, resp. distress, spasmodic colic, increase in GI motility, drop in heart rate
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True or False: (if false, why)Levamisole may also enhance immune responsiveness and has a broader safety range than BZD.
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False: Levamisole may also enhance immune responsiveness and has a narrower safety range than BZD.
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What are the Tetrahydropyrimidine drugs?
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Pyrantel and Morantel
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Which tetrahydropyrimidine salt formulation has a greater activity?
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The salt of morantel have greater activity than pyrantel
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What is the MOA of pyrantel?
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acts as deplorizing neuromuscular blocking agent in nematode and the vertebrae host; acts as acetylcholine-100 times more potent
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What drug is 100 times more potent than Ach, and acts as acetylcholine?
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Pyrantel, a tetrahydropyrimidine drug
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Pyrantel is normally excreted how?
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in urine as metabolites and some in feces unchanged
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Besides acetylcholine, name another depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
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succinylcholine
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What are four organophosphate compounds that can be used in rumninats?
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haloxon, coumaphos, naphthalophos, and crufomate
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What organophosphate compunds can be used in horses, swine, and dogs?
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dichlorvos and trichlorofon
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What side effect may happen if given IM dichlorvos in horses?
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spasmodic colic
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What agents should not be administered in animals with heartworms, b/c may cause death to the dog?
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organophosphate compounds
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What agent is commonly known as DDVP?
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Dichlorvos, an organophosphate compound
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What is the MOA of organophosphates?
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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, causes paralysis
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