Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How are antiparasitic drugs categorized?
|
Ectoparasiticides
Endoparasiticides Endectocides |
|
|
What are the five mechanisms of actions of antiparasitic drugs?
|
1) Inhibit neuromuscular system
2) Inhibit neuronal system 3) Inhibit energy metabolism 4) Damage membrane integrity 5) Interfere with reproduction |
|
|
What are the three ways you can inhibit the neuromuscular system? Examples?
|
1) Competitive NM blockers (Piperazine)
2) Depolarizing NM blockers (Levamisole, pyrantal, morantel) 3) Cholinesterase inhibitors (Dichlorvos, trichlorfon) |
|
|
What are the two ways to inhibit the neuronal system? Examples? In what parasites?
|
1) Activate the G-protein coupled receptors called latorphilin (Emodepside -> nematodes)
2) Binding to GABA or glutamate channels (Macrocyclic lactones, avermectins, milbemycin -> nematodes & arthropods) |
|
|
What are the two drugs used to inhibit energy metabolism?
Benzimidazoles Antitrematodals (clorsulon) |
Benzimidazoles
Antitrematodals (clorsulon) |
|
|
What drugs are used to damage the integrity of membranes? Which parasites are theses used in?
|
Praziquantel and epsiprantel
Cestodes |
|
|
What are the two ways to inhibit reproduction? Examples?
|
1) Inhibition of growth (antiprotozoals)
2) Ovicidal and larvicidal (benzimidazoles) |
|
|
Which two anticoccidials can be used to treat an outbreak? What is the only one to treat and prevent?
|
Amprolium & Sulfonamides
Sulfonamides |
|
|
What is the drug of choice for tx giardiasis, amebiasis, balantidiasis & trichomoniasis? What is it's mech of action?
|
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Inhibit DNA synthesis |
|
|
What is used to tx trichomoniasis in pigeons? In horses?
|
Carnidazole
Clioquinol |
|
|
What is the drug of choice to tx toxoplasmosis in dogs and cats?
|
Clindamycin
|
|
|
What drugs do you use to tx Fasciola hepatica?
|
Clorsulon
Albendazole |
|
|
What drugs work as anticestodals against Taenia and Dipylidium?
Which one is also used to tx Echinococcus d/c and tapes in equines? |
Dichlorophene, Praziquantel & Epsiprantel
Praziquantel |
|
|
What drug is used to tx rounds, hooks, whips and Taenia pisiformis?
|
Fenbendazole
|
|
|
What are the three classifications of antinematodals?
|
Endectocides
Broad-spectrum Narrow-specturm |
|
|
What are the endectocides?
|
Ivermectins & Milbemycin
|
|
|
What are the three methods of administration of Ivermectin?
|
Can Ivermectin be used to tx ectoparasites?
Oral, inj, pour-on No! |
|
|
What are the four Ivermectin drugs?
|
-Ivermectin
-Eprinomectin -Doramectin -Selamectin (Revolution) |
|
|
What stage of Dirofilaria does Ivermectin eliminate? How is Selamectin different?
|
Tissue stage (orally)
Prevent heartworm and is pour-on |
|
|
What are the Milbemycins? What are they used for?
|
-Milbemycin oxime (Interceptor)
-Moxidectin Milb- rounds, hooks, whips and prevention of HW dz Mox- prevention of heartworm disease |
|
|
What is the drug of choice to tx toxoplasmosis in dogs and cats?
|
Clindamycin
|
|
|
What drugs do you use to tx Fasciola hepatica?
|
Clorsulon
Albendazole |
|
|
What drugs work as anticestodals against Taenia and Dipylidium?
Which one is also used to tx Echinococcus d/c and tapes in equines? |
Dichlorophene, Praziquantel & Epsiprantel
Praziquantel |
|
|
What drug is used to tx rounds, hooks, whips and Taenia pisiformis?
|
Fenbendazole
|
|
|
What are the three classifications of antinematodals?
|
Endectocides
Broad-spectrum Narrow-specturm |
|
|
What are the endectocides?
|
Ivermectins & Milbemycin
|
|
|
What are the three methods of administration of Ivermectin?
|
Can Ivermectin be used to tx ectoparasites?
Oral, inj, pour-on No! |
|
|
What are the four Ivermectin drugs?
|
-Ivermectin
-Eprinomectin -Doramectin -Selamectin (Revolution) |
|
|
What stage of Dirofilaria does Ivermectin eliminate? How is Selamectin different?
|
Tissue stage (orally)
Prevent heartworm and is pour-on |
|
|
What are the Milbemycins? What are they used for?
|
-Milbemycin oxime (Interceptor)
-Moxidectin Milb- rounds, hooks, whips and prevention of HW dz Mox- prevention of heartworm disease |
|
|
What are the broad spectrum anthelmintics?
|
Benzimidazoles
Imidathiazoles & tetrahydropyrimidines Organophosphates Emodepside |
|
|
What are the benizimidazoles?
|
Albendazole (cattle-> GI rounds, lungs, adult flukes)
Fenbendazole (dogs, horses, swine, cattle incl. lactating) Oxfendazole (horses, beef cattle) Oxibendazole (horses, dogs) |
|
|
What are the Imidathiazoles? Tetrahydropyrimidines?
|
Febantel & Levamisole
Pyrantel & Morantel |
|
|
Which two broad spectrum anthelmintics can be used on lactating dairy cattle?
|
Fenbendazole (BZ) & Morantel (Tetra)
|
|
|
What is emodepside combined with? What is that drug used to treat? What animals are these drugs used on?
|
Praziquantel (Profender)
Cestodes (Emodepside tx rounds aka antinematodals) Cats |
|
|
What is used as adulticidals for heartworm? Microfilaricidal? Prevention (IMMS)?
|
Melaromine IM
Ivermectin & Milbemycin Ivermectin, milibemycin oxime, moxidectin, selamectin |
|
|
How do you define growth fraction? Are there non-neoplastic cells that grow faster than tumor cells? What are they?
|
The proportion of tumor cells that are actively dividing in a tumor cell population
Yes Bone marrow, GI mucosal cells, hair follicles |
|
|
What is the main alkylating anticancer agent? What is their mechanism of action? CCS?
|
Cyclophosphamide
Binds to DNA and interfere with replication CCNS |
|
|
What is the main antimetabolite folic acid antagonist anticancer agent? What is their mech. of action? CCS?
|
Methotrexate
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase CCS-S phase |
|
|
What are the main antimetabolite pyrimidine analog anticancer agents? What is their mech. of action? CCS?
|
Fluorouracil & Cytarabine
F-inhib. thymidylate synthase, C- inhib. DNA polymerase CCS-S phase |
|
|
What are the two mitotic inhibitor anticancer agents? What is their mech of action? CCS/CCNS?
|
Vincristine & Vinblastine
Inhibit mitosis CCS-M phase |
|
|
What are the two antibiotic anticancer agents (Cin)? What is their mech of action? CCS/CCNS?
|
Doxorubicin & Mithramycin
Inhibit DNA or RNA synthesis CCNS |
|
|
What is the enzyme anticancer agent? What is the mech of action? CCS/CCNS?
|
L-Asparaginase
Destroys extracellular l-asparagine CCS-G1 phase |
|
|
What are the two platinum compound anticancer agents? What is their mech of action? CCS/CCNS?
|
Cisplatin & Carboplatin
Interfere with DNA replication CCNS |
|
|
What is the NSAID anticancer agent?
|
Piroxicam
|
|
|
Which of the anticancer drugs cause myelosuppression?
|
(DVMC)
Doxorubicin Cyclophosphamide Vinblastine Methotrexate |
|
|
Which of the anticancer drugs cause GI toxicity? (DCCM)
|
Doxorubicin
Cyclophosphamide Cisplatin Methotrexate |
|
|
Which of the anticancer drugs cause dermal toxicity? (DCF)
|
Doxorubicin
Cyclophosphamide Fluorouracil |
