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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are anticestodals?
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Anticestodals are drugs that treat infection of cestodes such as tapeworms or segmented flatworms
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what are taeniacids?
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inhibit the tapeworms
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what are taeniaFuge
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they cause the explusion of the tapeworms
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what is capable of reattaching after explusion?
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the cestode scolex
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Why is it important to control intermediate host of cestodes?
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Virtually all cestodes have an indirect life cycle, and control intermediate hosts to prevent infection
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What are the intermediate host of cestodes in dogs and cats?
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fleas and lice
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What are the intermediate host of cestodes in horses and ruminants?
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the oribatid soil mites
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What are some natural organic compunds that act as anticestodals?
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cucurbitene, male fern extracts, kamala, arecoline, and nicotine sulfate
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What are some inorganic compounds that act as anticestodals?
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tin and lead arsenate
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Name nine new synthetic organic compounds that are anticestodals?
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Bunamidine hydrochloride, Niclosamides, Dicholorphen, Hexachlorophene, Rosorantel, Bithional, Praziquantel, Epsiprantel, and benzimidazoles
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Which synthetic organic compound (anticestodal) causes fatal adverse reaction in large dogs?
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Bunamidine hydrochloride
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what synthetic organic compound (anticestodal) was used in dogs and cats in 1960 to 1980's?
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niclosamide
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What is dicholorophen combined with to treat against cestodes?
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toluene
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What is dicholorophen?
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a taeniacide in dogs and cats that is combined with toluene
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What synthetic organic compound (anticestodal) is used more as an antirematodal drug but used in sheep, cattle, dogs, and poultry for cestocide effects?
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hexachlorophene
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What is Rosorantel?
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a synthetic organic anticestodal drug used in some parts of Europe that is highly (95%) effective in sheep and cattle flukes
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What is Bithional used to treat?
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it's a phenolic compound used outside North AMerica for the treatment in dog, cats, and poultry and tapeworms and rumen fluke infection in sheep, cattle, and goats
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What is Praziquantel used to treat?
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wide spectrum for adult and larval cestodes of animals and humans, and against schistosome trematodes that are pathogenic to humans
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How is Praziquantel absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted?
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rapidly absorbed from GI tract, distributed to all organs and may cross the BBB, metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine as metabolites
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What is Epsiprantel used to treat?
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marketed for dogs as anticestodal drugs but it is also effective in cats
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What drug is chemically related to epsiprantel?
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praziquantel
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What antinematodal drugs are also effective against certain tapeworms and flukes
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Benzimidazoles
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What is Fasciola Hepatica
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the most common liver fluke in domestic animals, worldwide
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What is Paraphistomosis?
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the rumen fluke, common in sheep and cattle
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What is Paragonimus?
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Lung Fluke occasionally diagnosed in dogs and cats
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What are Flukicides?
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marketed for livestock are mostly for adult flukes
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What drug is effective against adult flukes that is a derivative of benzene?
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hexachloroparaxylene
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What is Bithional Sulfoxide used to treat?
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active against liver and rumen flukes in cattle, and some anticestodal properites
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What is Hexachlorophene used to treat?
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good efficacy for adult flukes, not in US
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What are Bromsalans used to treat?
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for the treatment of mature and immature liver flukes
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What is Oxyclozanide combined with for the treatment of adult flukes?
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levamisol
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What antirematodal is a nitro substituted analog fo hexachlorophene?
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Niclofolan
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What is Niclofolan used to treat?
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adult flukes and some efficacy against immature liver flukes
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What drug (antitrematodal) is most effective when given IM or SC?
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Nitroxynil
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What drug (antitrematodal)may stain hair or wool yellow if spilled on coat?
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Nitroxynil
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How should Rafoxanide be adminsitered?
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as bolus or drenching suspension, mostly in sheep and cattle
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What are Bromophenophos used to treat?
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treats liver flukes in cattle
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What drug (antitrematodol) is used for beef and cattle regardless of lactation status?
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Clorsulon
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What is Clorsulon?
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An antitrematodal sulfonamide drug
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What is Clorsulon normally combined with for SC injection in cattle?
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ivermectin
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When should milk be obtained from a cow that has been treated with Clorsulon?
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after 72 hours, effects last for about 60-70 hours
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When should beef animals treated wiht Clorsulon be slaughtered?
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not within eight days of treatment
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True or False: Clorsulon is safe to use in pregnant and animals of breeding
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True
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What antitrematodal is a salicylanilide derivative?
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Brotianide
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What is Closantel used to treat?
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flukicide for sheep and cattle; used in horses to prevent or reduce infection of S. vulgaris and gastrophilius
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What other class of drugs can be used as antitermatodal drugs?
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Benzimidazoles: Albendazole, Fenbendazole, Triclabendazole
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What drug is best against immature liver flukes?
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Diamphenethide (Corbin)
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True or False: as the flukes get older, Diamphenthide becomes less effective
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True
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What spp of animal is Diamphenthide used for and how is it administered?
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oral administration is done in sheep and goats, mostly used in sheep
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True or False: Brotianide is marketed in Europe for sheep and cattle, and not used in the US
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True
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