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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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onchocerca volvulus
disease name+ MOA? |
river blindness
bite from black fly to SC tissue that circulates and goes to eye and dies and sets up inflam response |
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plasm falciparum
disease + MOA? |
malaria
mosquito bites. parasite goes to liver (first stage, no symp). 1-12 weeks later goes into blood. consume heme and destroy RBC's. anemia and decreased O2 saturation ..additionally. form 'knobs' that prevent spleen clearance of blood. tissue hypoxia and necrosis |
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chloroquine
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plasm. falciprum (malaria)
binds to ferriprotoporhyphin IX and prevents polymerization of heme (which is bad) AE: none treatment and prophylactic ..almost all strains in africa, asia, S. america resistant |
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quinine
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plasm. falciprum (malaria)
interalcalates into DNA treatment only. AE: jittery/neurologic |
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mefloquine
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plasm. falciprum (malaria)
disrupts hemozoin polymerization treatment+ prophylaxis AE: psychiatric manifestations |
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artemisinin
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plasm. falciprum (malaria)
forms free radical compound and alkylates heme **BEST AVAILABLE DRUG AT THE MOMENT FOR plasm. falciprum (malaria)*** treatment only AE: neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity |
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primaquine
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plasm. falciprum (malaria)
inhibits electron transport (no nucleotide synthesis). attacks at liver stage innate resistance and problems w/ pt w/ G6PD deficiency |
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atovaquone
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plasm. falciprum (malaria)
struct. analog of ubiquinone in electron transport chain (no nucleotide synth) resistance arises quickly good for treatment + prophylaxis |
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tetracyclines, clindamycins for plasm. falciprum (malaria)
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inhibits protein synth
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solfadoxine -pyrimathamine for plasm. falciprum (malaria)
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dihydropteroate + folate reductase inhibitors (no nucleotides)
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proguanil for plasm. falciprum (malaria)
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derivative of pyramidine
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase |
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entamoeba histolytica
MOA? |
cyst = env. resistant, infectious. travels to person via fecal oral route and matures
trophozoite= env fragile, non infectious. attaches to intestines and feeds RBC. if passes into blood--can be bad for liver, lungs (life threatening) |
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metronidazole
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entamoeba histolytica
binds to reduced ferredoxin and produces toxic products that accumulate and kill the parasite (mammalian cells not affected) most affective in tissue (not lumenal) trophazoites b/c of absorption issues no significant resistance |
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moetronidazole AE
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GI discomfort
metallic taste alcohol metab interaction |
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trypanosomiasis
disease name + MOA |
sleeping sickness.
parasite gets into blood initially from fly bite. then CNS. near-sleep state...die from starvation |
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pentamidine + suramin
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trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
pentamidine= inhibits RNA, DNA, protein, phospolipid synth. affects kinetoplast DNA (giant mitochondrian) suramin = inhibits many enzymes |
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melarasoprol
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trypanosomiasis (sleep sickness)
inhibits trapanosome pyruvate kinase |
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helminthes
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roundworks, tapeworms, cestodes (flukes)
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life cycle of onchocera volvulus
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vector: black fly
larvae injected into skin, mature, and microfilariae circulate in blood microfilariae taken in by another black fly bite and transmitted |
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riverblindness MOA and effects
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caused by onchocera volvulus microfilariae traveling to eyes causing blindness
in skin...itching, dermatitis, scarring |
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anti-helminth therapeutic targets
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longitudinal muscles (inhibited by GABA)
excited by cholinergics modulate parasite neuromusc activity (enhanced inhibit signaling, depol/non-depol blockade) |
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ivermectin
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for onchocera volvulus
enhances inhibitor signaling in parasites. like GABA suppresses microfilarae, but does not kill adult worms |
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piperazine
pyrantel pamoate |
for onchocera volvulus
both cause paralysis of worms, allowing GI expulsion |
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"-bendazoles"
(albendazole, mebendazole, thiabendazole) |
for onchocera volvulus
inhibits b-tubulin, inhibits polymerization. disrupts DNA replucation. veterinary use |
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praziquantel
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for onchocera volvulus (specifically trematodes)
opens calcium channels and causes paralysis. also inhibits adenine uptake AE: headache, GI disturbances |
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diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
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for onchocera volvulus
filarial infections. kills adult worms...but causes inflammatory response which can be fatal |
