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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Methotrexate
class? uses? MOA? rescue? |
-Antimetabolite (folic acid look alike)
-solid tumors, osteogenic sarcoma, ALL -inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)- keepts THF from being made for DNA/RNA synthesis -Leucovorin or G-CSF filgrastim |
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5-flurouracil
class? uses? MOA? |
-antimetabolite= pyrimidine analogue
-metastatic carcinoma of the breast, GI carcinoma, hepatoma, pancreas, oropharyngeal cancer, ovary, bladder, colorectal cancer -inhibits thymidylate synthase stopping DNA synthesis and results in dysfunctional RNA |
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Cyclophosphamide
class? uses? MOA? rescue? |
-antimalignant/alkylating, CCNS
-solid tumors, CLL, Non-hodgkins, ovarian carcinomas, neuroblastoma, SLE -prodrug converted to active nitrogen mustard (nephrotoxic) and acrolein; interferes transcription/translation -mesna (conjugates with metabolites), Demeclocycline (inserts H20 channels) for SIADH |
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Cisplatin
class? use? MOA? rescue? |
-platinum coordination complex
-urogenital cancers, testicular, ovarian, bladder cancer -enters by diffusion and reacts with DNA forming intra/inter strand links (inhibits repli/transcription) -amifostine= (also hydration) to help with the thiol metabolites that scavenge free radicals |
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Anastrozole
class? not used in? can replace? |
-hormone= aromatase inhibitor (SAI)- prevents estrogen synthesis
-not used in premenopausal women -can replace tamoxifen bc of resistance development |
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Doxorubicin
class? MOA? toxicity? antidote? |
-Anthracycline Cytotoxic antibiotic, used for solid tumors, ABVD, CHOP
-topoisomerase11 poison, intercalates with DNA, can cause free radical formation -dimethyl suphoxide for "extravasation", dexrazoxane an iron chelator to reduce severe cardiomyopathy |
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Bleomycin
class? uses? MOA? toxicity |
-cytotoxic antibiotics
-testicular cancers, squamous carcinoma of the head, neck and lungs, lymphomas -fragments DNA, free radical formation (fragments chrom), accumulates cells in G2 phase -pulmonary toxicity (dry cough), lung fibrosis, hyperthermia, hyperkeratosis |
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Asparaginase
class? MOA? toxicity? |
-Other..
-hydrolyses asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia (depriving cancer cells from making protein) -hypersensitivity rxns, high doses CNS toxic (coma), intra-cranial hemorrhage, clotting abnormalities |
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Vincristine
class? uses? MOA? toxicity? |
-natural product, antimalignant/mitotic vinca alkaloid
-pediatric leukemia, MOPP, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma -in M phase binds to tubulin and prevents MT assembly -neurotoxic, relatively BM sparing, paresthesias |
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Vinblastine
class? uses? MOA? toxicity? |
-natural, vinca alkaloid, antimalignant/mitotic
-ABVD, VBC, VBE -spindle poison, in M phase binds to tubulin to prevent MT synthesis -reversible myelosuppression, dose limiting neutropenia |
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Paclitaxel
class? uses? MOA? toxicity? |
-Taxanes, natural product
-ovarian cancer, breast carcinoma, lung, esophageal, bladder, head and neck -inhibits MT assembly and plates accumulate leading to dysfunctional spindles -Hypersensitivity (cremophor emulsifier) so given with steroids & antihistamines, peripheral neuropathy, muscle pain, (serum level inc with cisplatin) |
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Tamoxifen
class? uses? MOA? toxicity? |
-Antiestrogen hormone "SERM" selective estrogen receptor modulator
-breast cancer, infertility, gynecomastia, prophylactically -blocks estrogen from binding receptor (also agonist in bone) -hot flashes, N/V, vaginal bleeding, hypercalcemia, ocular dysfunction, peripheral edema |
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Trastuzumab
class? MOA? toxicity? |
-Antibody- recombinant DNA derived humanized monoclonal AB (G1 kappa)
-with high affinity and specificity binds to extracellular domain of HER2 receptor inhibiting breast cancer tumor growth (can be used w paclitaxel) -N/V, chills, fevers, headaches, ventricular dysfunction and heart failure |
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Cytarabine**
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antimetabolite
-AML -blocks DNA strand elongation; neurotoxic |
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Capecitabine**
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Oral prodrug; converted to 5-flurouracil
-inhibits thymidylate synthase -useful for paclitaxel and doxurubicin resistant pts w/ colorectal or breast cancer |
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Carmustine**
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alklyating agent
-toxic to CNS (used for CNS cancers) |
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Etoposide**
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-stabilizes topoisomerase II-DNA complex causing double strand DNA breaks during DNA replication
-Dose-limiting leukopenia (tx 1st time), metastatic testicular cancer |
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Topetecan**
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-unique topoisomerase 1 inhibitor, preventing religation of bits of helices
-causes accumulation of ss breaks in DNA -dose limiting neutropenia |
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fulvestrant**
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antiestrogen for hormone sensitive tumors
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Flutamine/finasteride**
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-nonsteroidal androgen antagonist (NSAA) which inhibits translocation of steroid receptors to the nucleus
-5-a-reductase inhibitor = inhibits synthesis of dihydrotestosterone -tx: prostate cancer |
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Leuprolide**
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GnRH analogues which act as partial agonists at GnRH receptors
-in constant dose inhibits release of LH and FSH -tx prostate cancer |
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Rituximab**
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an unconjugated chimeric (murine/human) anti CD20 monoclona AB which binds to CD20 ag on follicular B cells in non-hodgkin lymphoma
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Hydroxyurea**
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Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase; stops conversion of ribonucleotide to deoxyribo. for myeloproliferative disorders
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Imatinib mesylate**
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-inhibits bcr-abl tyrosine kinase found on CML
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temozolamide**
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-triazine, CCNS, alkylating agent
-methylates tissue but doesn't really cross-link -FAME!!= tx malignant gliomas, glioblastoma multiforme |
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Daunorubicin**
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-cytotoxic antibiotic, CCNS (similar pharmacokinetic to doxorubicin)
-mainly tx leukemia -can cause red urine and hypersensitivity |
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Dactinomycin**
class? uses? MOA? toxicity? |
-CCNS cytotoxic antibiotic
-rhabdomyosarcoma, wilm's tumor in children, ewing's tumor, kaposi's sarcoma -binds DNA helix prevents transcription, ss breaks in DNA (through free radical formation) -hematopoietic suppression, pancytopenia (dose-limiting) |
