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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Methotrexate (MTX)
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Folic acid analog
Inhibition of Dihydrofolate Reductase= ↓dTMP & ↑DHF Cancers, Abortion, Ectopic Pregnancy, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis Tox: Myelosuppression, Marocytic Anemia, Macrovesicular Fatty change in liver, mucositis, teratogenic, Interstitial Fibrosis in Lungs Myelosuppression is reversible with LEUCOVORIN (folinic acid) |
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5-flurouracil (5-FU)
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Pyrimidine analog
Activated to 5F-dUMP which complexes folic acid Inhibits Thymidylate Synthase= ↓dTMP Cancers: SYNERGY with MTX Tox: Myelosuppression (NOT reversible w/Leucovorin) Photosensitivity Overdose rescue w/ Thymidine |
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6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)
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Purine analog: ↓de novo purine synthesis
Activated by HGPRTase Leukemias, Lymphomas (not CLL nor Hodgkins) Tox: metabolized by xanthine oxidase, thus ↑tox w/ ALLOPURINOL |
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6-thioguanine (6-TG)
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Purine analog: ↓de novo purine synthesis
Activated by HGPRTase ALL Can be given w/Allopurinol unlike 6-MP |
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Cytarabine (ara-C)
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Pyrimidine antagonist
Inhibits DNA polymerase |
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Dactinomycin
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Antibiotic: intercalates DNA
Childhood Tumors: Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms ACTinomycin D= children ACT out |
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Doxorubicin
(Adriamycin) |
Antibiotic: generates free radicals= breaks in DNA
A in ABVD Rx for Hodgkin's Tox: CHF due to DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY |
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Bleomycin
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Antibiotic: G2 phase specific
Induces free radicals ABVD Rx in Hodgkin's Testicular cancer Tox: pulmonary fibrosis, skin changes |
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Etoposide
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Antibiotic: late S and G2 specific
Inhibits Topoisomerase II Small cell carcinoma of lung and prostate Testicular carcinoma Tox: Gi irritation, alopecia |
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Cyclophosphamide
Ifosfamide |
Alkylating agent: covalently crosslinks interstrand DNA at Guanine's N7
Bioactivation by liver Non-Hodgkin's, Breast, Ovarian Tox: HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS (partially prevented w/ MESNA) |
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Nitrosoureas
(carmustine, lomustine, semustine, streptozocin) |
Alkylating agent
Crosses CNS Brain tumors Tox: CNS tox (dizziness, ataxia) |
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Busulfan
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Alkylating agent
Tox: Pulmonary fibrosis, HYPERPIGMENTATION |
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Vincristine
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Block microtubule polymerization by binding tubulin in M phase
(microtubules are the VINES of your cells) Hodgkin's Lymphoma Tox: neurotox (areflexia, peripheral neuritis), PARALYTIC ILEUS |
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Vinblastine
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Block microtubule polymerization by binding tubulin in M phase
(microtubules are the VINES of your cells) Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
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Paclitaxel
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Prevents microtubule break down in M phase.
Anaphase cannot occur (It is TAXing to stay polymerized) Ovarian, Breast carcinomas Tox: hypersensitivity |
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Cisplatin
Carboplatin |
Plaitnum based: crosslinks DNA
Testicular, bladder, ovary, lung carcinomas Tox: Acoustic nerve damage Nephrotox (prevent w/adequate hydration and AMIFESTINE- a free radical scavenging agent) |
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Hydroxyurea
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Inhibits Ribonucleotide Reductase= ↓DNA Synthesis
Melanoma, Sickle Cell Dx (↑HbF) Tox: bone marrow suppression, GI upset |
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Prednisone
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May trigger apoptosis
CLL, Hodgkin's Tox: cushings, immunosuppression, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, hypertension, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis |
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Tamoxifen
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Blocks estrogen receptor positive cells
Anatgonist in breast, agonist in bone Breast cancer, Osteoporosis prevention Tox: hot flashes, partial endometrial agonist= ↑risk for endometrial carcinoma |
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Raloxifene
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Blocks estrogen receptor positive cells
Anatgonist in breast, agonist in bone Breast cancer, Osteoporosis prevention Endometrial antagonist= no risk for endometrial carcinoma |
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Trastuzumab
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Monoclonal antibody against HER-2
Kills through antibody-dependent cytotoxicity Metastatic breast cancer Tox: cardiotox |
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Imatinib
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Philly xsm (t9:22) bcr-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor
CML, GI stromal tumors Tox: fluid retention |
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ABVD Chemo Rx
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For Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Adriamycin (doxorubicin) Bleomycin Vinblastine Dacarbazine- alkylating agent |
