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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmitted?
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Coughing and Sneezing
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Where is the initial TB infection?
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The lung
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What happens after the initial infection in most cases?
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Immune system facilitates control by increasing the ability of phagocytes to suppress multiplication
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What happens after the initial infection in some cases?
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Immune system fails to control the infection and tuberculosis develops
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What happens to the lung in TB?
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Necrosis and cavitation of lung tissue
Becomes caseous (cheese-like) |
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Treatment of TB is always done with one drug.
T or F |
False
Two or more drugs are used |
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What is the definite diagnosis of TB?
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Chest radiograph
Microbiologic culture of sputum |
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What is the cause of the emergence of TB resistance?
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Inadequate drug therapy
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A patient is positive for TB in sputum culture. What is the next step?
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Until drug sensitivity tests are available, drug selection is based on the patient and the community
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What is the typical therapy for TB?
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Four drug regimen (2 months)
Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol Continuation phase (4 months) Isoniazid Rifampin |
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What is DOT?
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(Direct Observation Therapy) is the administration of each dose in the presence of an observer
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What is the TST?
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(Tuberculin Skin Test) is the intradermal injection of Purified Protein Derivative (derived from M. tuberculosis)
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What is a positive TST?
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Read 48-72 hours after test; region of induration (hardness) around injection site
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What is the drug of choice for latent TB?
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Isoniazid
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Isoniazid is _____ to mycobacteria that are active but ____ to mycobacteria that are not dividing.
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Bacteriacidal
Bacteriastatic |
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What are the adverse effects of Isoniazid?
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Peripheral Neuropathy
Hepatotoxicity |
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What is the most common side effect of Isoniazid and what can be done to improve it?
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Symmetric paresthesias (neuropathy) tingling and numbing of hands and feet
Administering pyridoxine (vitamin B6) |
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What is the greatest risk factor for hepatotoxicity with Isoniazid?
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Advancing Age
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What are the drug interactions of Isoniazid?
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Phenytonin
Alcohol, Rifampin, and Pyrazinamide (Liver damage) |
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What is the action of Rifampin?
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Inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Bactericidal)
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What is the use of Rifampin?
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TB
Leprosy |
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What are the adverse effects of Rifampin?
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Hepatotoxicity
Discoloration of Body Fluids (red-orange discoloration to body fluids) |
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What drugs are similar to Rifampin?
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Rifapentine
Rifabutin |
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Pyrazinamide is bacteriostatic to M. tuberculosis.
T or F |
False
bactericidal |
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What are the adverse effects of Pyrazinamide?
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Hepatotoxicity (increases risk with use of rifampin and/or isoniazid)
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Ethambutol is bacteriostatic.
T or F |
True
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What are the adverse effects of Ethambutol?
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Optic Neuritis (Blurred vision, constriction of visual field, and color disturbances)
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What is the other name for leprosy?
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Hansen's Disease
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What drug is weakly bactericidal to M. leprae?
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Dapsone
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What are the main drug interactions with Rifampin?
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Oral contraceptives, warfarin, PIs, and NNRTIs
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What is the treatment for Mycobacterium avium?
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Ethambutol
Azithromycin Clarithromycin |
