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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name antimuscarinic drugs? |
*Natural alkaloids (tertiary): atropine, scopolamine. *semisyntheric dervatives of atropine (quaternary): homatropine, ipratropium, tiotropium. *synthetic derivatives of atropine (tertiary): tropicamide, cyclopentolate, pirenzepine, oxybutynin, darifenacin, benztropine. |
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MOA of antimuscarinic drugs? |
Block muscarinic receptors thereby prevent Ach from binding to the receptors causing inhibition of muscarinic functions. |
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What are the uses of atropine?? |
Treat spastic disorders of the GI tract, Bradycardia, block secretions in the upper n lower respiratory tracts prior to surgery. Reverse the actions of: organophosphate poisoning, overdoes of anticholinesterases, some types of mushroom poisoning. |
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What are the adverse effects of atropine ? |
(Dose-dependent effects) dry mouth, blurred vision (sandy eyes), tachycardia, urinary retension and constipation. On CNS: restlessness, confusion, hallucinations, delirium, may progress to depression, collapse of circulatory n respiratory systems and death. (Low doses of anticholinesterase maybe used to overcome atropine toxicity) |
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What is contraindicated to atropine? |
Glaucoma (esp. Narrow-angle glaucoma) , enlarged prostate |
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What are the uses of scopolamine (hyoscine)? - tertiary plant. And what are the adverse effect? |
Prevention of motion sickness and postoperative nausea n vomiting. (Available as transdermal patch) |
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What are the uses of ipratropium and tiotropium? (Quaternary) |
Bronchodilators. Both for Treatment of COPD. Ipratropium > acute management of bronchospasm in asthma. (Both via inhalation) (tiotropium once daily unlike ipratropium is given four times daily) |
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What are the uses of tropicamide and cyclopentolate? |
Both to produce mydriatic and cycloplegic effects for measurments of refractive errors. Mydriasis: tropicamide (6h), cyclopentolate (24h), atropine (7to14 days) |
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What are the uses of pirenzepine? |
Reduce gastric acid secretion. Used for peptic ulcers. Has fewer side effects than other muscarinic antagonist. |
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What are the uses oxybutynin, darifenacin? |
Oxybutynin: slightly M3 selective. Darifenacin: greatly M3 selective. Lowerintravesical pressure is lowered, bladder capacity is increased, frequency of bladder contractions is reduced. |
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Adverse effects of oxybutynin n darifenacin? |
Dry mouth, constipation and blurred vision. Oxybutynin better tolerated with topical patch |
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What are the uses of benztropine? |
Parkinsons disease (with other antiparkinson agents). Reduce muscle termors and rigidity in Parkinson's disease |
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Sialorrhea |
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