Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Trimethoprim How does it work?
|
inhibits folic acid pathway by blocking dihydrofolate reductase which humans have as well
|
|
|
Trimethoprim What are its uses?
|
used in combo with Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) causing a sequential block of folate synthesis. Used for recurrent UTIs, Shigella, Salmonella, and prophylaxis for PCP in AIDS patients
|
|
|
Trimethoprim Toxicities?
|
Megaloblastic anemia, pancytopenia (may be alleviated with supplemental folinic acid)
|
|
|
Fluoroquinolones What the most famous floroquinolone?
|
Ciprofloxacin (treatment for Anthrax)
|
|
|
Fluoroquinolones How does it work?
|
inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II)
|
|
|
Fluoroquinolones What are its uses?
|
Gram neg rods or urinary and GI tract (incl. pseudomonas), Neisseria, some gram pos spp
|
|
|
Fluoroquinolones What population is contraindicated for use?
|
pregnancy and children
|
|
|
Fluoroquinolones What are its toxicities?
|
GI upset, superinfection, skin rashes, headache, dizziness and tendonitis and tendon rupture in adults. FluoroquinoLONES hurt attachment to BONES.
|
|
|
Metronidazole How does it work?
|
forms toxic metabolites in the bacteria. Bactericidal.
|
|
|
Metronidazole What are its uses?
|
antiprotazoal:
Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas GET on the Metro anaerobes: gardnerella vaginalis, Bacteroides, clostridium Used with bismuth and amoxicillin (or tetracycline) for triple therapy against H pylori BAM! |
|
|
What is the role of Metronidazole in H. pylori infection?
|
Used as part of triple therapy: bismuth, amoxicillin and metronidazole
BAM! |
|
|
Metronidazole Main toxicity?
|
disulfiram-like (antabuse) reaction to alcohol and headache
|
|
|
Which drug do you use to treat anaerobic infections above the diaphram and which for below the diaphram
|
anaerobes above diaphram: Clindamycin, and anaerobes below diaphram: metronidazole
|
|
|
Polymyxins How does it work?
|
disrupts osmotic properties of bacteria, acts like a detergent
|
|
|
Polymyxins What is it used for?
|
resistant gram negative infections
|
|
|
Polymyxins Toxicities?
|
neurotoxicity, acute renal tubular necrosis
|
|
|
Isoniazid How does it work?
|
decreases synthesis of mycolic acid
|
|
|
Isoniazid What is it used for?
|
MTB (mycobacterium tuberculosis). The only agent used as solo prophylaxis against TB
|
|
|
Isoniazid Toxicities?
|
Hemolysis if G6PD deficient, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicitiy, drug induced SLE. INH, Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes
|
|
|
Isoniazid What vitamin prevents neurotoxicity
|
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
|
|
|
Isoniazid Why are toxicities particularly important to monitor in patients taking INH?
|
INH half-lives are different in fast versus slow acetylators!
|
|
|
Rifampin How does it work?
|
inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
|
|
|
Rifampin What is it used for?
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, delays resistance to dapsone when used for leprosy, meningococcal prophylaxis
|
|
|
Rifampin Toxicities?
|
Minor hepatotoxicity and increases P-450
|
|
|
Rifampin How can it be used for leprosy?
|
rifampin delays resistance to dapsone when used for leprosy
|
|
|
Rifampin What would happen if you used rifampin alone?
|
get rapid resistance
|
|
|
Rifampin What does it do to bodily fluids?
|
makes them red/orange in color
|
|
|
Rifampin What are the 4 R's of Rifampin
|
RNA polymerase inhibitor, Revs up microsomal p-450, Red/Orange body fluids, Resistance is rapid if used alone
|
|
|
Anti-TB Drugs What are the anti-TB drugs?
|
Rifampin, Ethambutol, Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid (INH) -- RESPIre
|
|
|
Anti-TB Drugs What do you use for TB prophylaxis?
|
INH
|
|
|
Anti-TB Drugs What toxicity is common to all?
|
hepatotoxicity
|
|
|
Most common resistance mechanism for penicillins / cephalosporins.
|
Beta-lactamase cleavage of beta-lactam ring.
|
|
|
Most common resistance mechanism for aminoglycosides.
|
Modification via acetylation, adenylation, or phosphorylation.
|
|
|
Most common resistance mechanism for vancomycin.
|
Terminal D-ala of cell wall component replaced with D-lac; decrease affinity.
|
|
|
Most common resistance mechanism for Chlorampenicol.
|
Modification via acetylation.
|
|
|
Most common resistance mechanism for macrolides.
|
Methylation of rRNA near erythromycin's ribosome-binding site.
|
|
|
Most common resistance mechanism for tetracycline.
|
Decrease uptake or increase transport out of cell.
|
|
|
Most common resistance mechanism for sulfonamides.
|
Altered enzyme (bacterial dihydropteroate synthetase), decrease uptake, or increase PABA synthesis.
|
|
|
drug of choice for prophylaxis of meningococcal infection.
|
Rifampin (drug of choice)
|
|
|
Drug of choice for gonorrhea.
|
Ceftriaxone. 3rd generation cephalosporin.
|
|
|
Drug of choice for syphilis.
|
Benzathine penicillin G.
|
|
|
Drug of choice for meningococcal infection. Drug of choice for history of recurrent UTIs.
|
TMP-SMX.
|
|
|
Drug of choice for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
|
TMP-SMX (drug of choice), aerosolized pentamindine
|
