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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Penicillins, Cephalosporins
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Bind penicillin-binding proteins
Block transpeptidase cross-linking of cell wall Activate autolytic enzymes |
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Aztreonam
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Resistant to beta-lactamases
Binds to penicillin-binding protein 3 Inhibits cell wall synthesis Synergistic with aminoglycosides |
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Imipenem/cilastatin
Meropenem |
beta-lactamase resistant carbapenem
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Vancomycin
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inhibits cell wall mucopeptide formation by binding D-ala D-ala portion of cell wall precurors
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Aminoglycosides
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Inhibits formation of initiation complex (at 30S) and causes misreading of mRNA
Require O2 for uptake Synergistic with beta-lactams |
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Tetracyclines
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bind to 30S and prevent attachment of aa-tRNA
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Macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin)
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binds to 23S rRNA of 50S ribosomal subunit and blocks translocation
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Chloramphenicol
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inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase activity
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Clindamycin
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blocks peptide bond formation at 50S ribosomal subunit
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Linezolid
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blocks 50S subunit
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Sulfonamides (SMX, sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine)
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PABA antimetabolite that inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase
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Trimethoprim
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Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
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Name all sulfa drugs
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sulfasalazine, sulfonylureas, thiazides, acetazolamide, furosemide, celecoxib, probenecid
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Fluoroquinolones
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inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II)
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Metronidazole
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forms toxic metabolites in bacterial cell that damage DNA
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Polymyxins
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bind to cell membranes of bacteria and disrupt osmotic properties
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Isoniazid
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decreases synthesis of mycolic acids
-give with B6 |
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Rifampin
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inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
-orange body fluids) |
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Amphotericin B
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binds ergosterol and forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes
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Nystatin
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binds to ergosterol and disrupts fungal membranes (too toxic for systemic use)
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Azoles
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Inhibit fungal sterol (ergosterol) synthesis
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Flucytosine
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Inhibits DNA synthesis by conversion to 5-FU
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Caspofungin
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Inhibits cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of beta-glucan
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Terbinafine
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inhibits squalene epoxidase (squalene-->lanosterol-->ergosterol)
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Griseofulvin
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Interferes with microtubule function and disrupts mitosis
Deposits in keratin-containing tissues |
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Amantadine
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blocks viral penetration/uncoating (M2 protein)
buffers pH of endosome causes release of dopamine from intact nerve terminals |
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Zanamivir, oseltamivir
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Inhibits influenza neuraminidase (decreases release of progeny virus)
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Ribavirin
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Inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides by competitively inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase
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Acyclovir
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monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase; guanosine analog
inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination |
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Ganciclovir
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5'-monophosphate formed by a CMV viral kinase or HSV/VZV thymidine kinase
Guanosine analog Preferentially inhbits viral DNA polymerase |
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Foscarnet
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Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor that pinds to pyrophosphate-binding site of enzyme
Doesn't require activation by viral kinase |
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Protease inhibitors (saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir)
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inhibit maturation of new virus by blocking protease in progeny virions
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Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Nucleosides: (zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine, abacavir) Non-nucleosides: nevirapine, efavirenz, delavirdine |
Preferentially inhibit reverse transcriptase of HIV
Prevents incorporation of DNA copy of viral genome into host DNA |
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Fusion inhibitors (enfuvirtide)
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bind viral gp41 subunit
inhibits conformational change required for fusion with CD4 cells Blocks entry and subsequent replication |
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Interferons
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Glycoproteins from human leukocytes that block various stages of viral RNA and DNA synthesis
Induce ribonuclease that degrades viral mRNA |
