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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan CROSS LINKING
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penicillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, imipenem, aztreonam, cephalosporins
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Block peptidoglycan SYNTHESIS
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bacitracin, vancomycin, cycloserine
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Disrupt bacterial/fungal cell MEMBRANES
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polymyxins
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Disrupt FUNGAL cell MEMBRANES
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amphotericin B, nystatin, fluconazole/azoles
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Block nucleotide synthesis
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sulfonamides, trimethoprim
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Block DNA topoisomerases
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quinolones
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Block mRNA synthesis
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rifampin
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Block protein synthesis at 30S ribosome (buy AT 30)
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aminoglycosides, tetracycline
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Block protein synthesis at 50S ribosome (CCELL at 50)
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chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin (macrolides), linezolid, lincomycin, *streptogramins (-pristin)
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Which antimicrobials are bactericidal?
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penicillin, cephalosporins, vancomycin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, metronidazole
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penicillin G is given ___, penicillin V is given ___.
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IV, oral
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How do penicillins work? (3 mechanisms)
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block peptidoglycan cross linking, bind penicillin-binding-proteins, activate autolytic enzymes in bacteria
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Penicillin is bactericidal for which groups of bacteria?
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G+ cocci, G+ rods, G- cocci, spirochetes, oral anaerobes
* not penicillinase resistant! |
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What are 2 toxicities of penicillin?
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hypersensitivity, hemolytic anemia
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Which penicillin derivatives are used for S. aureus? (They are penicillinase resistant.)
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methicillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin
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What is MRSA? How?
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methicillin-resistant S. aureus (use vancomycin), has altered PBP target site
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What are 2 toxicities of methicillin?
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hypersensitivity, interstitial nephritis
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What can you use ampicillin and amoxicillin for?
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wide spectrum penicillin: Listeria, groups A (pyogenes) & B (agalactiae) strep, enterococci, S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, Proteus, Salmonella, E. coli
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What is the penicillinase inhibitor that can be given with ampicillin/amoxicillin to enhance their spectrum?
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clavulinic acid
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Toxicities of ampicillin/amoxicillin:
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hypersensitivity, ampicillin RASH, pseudomembranous colitis (recall: C. dificile overgrowth)
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Which extended spectrum penicillins kill Pseudomonas and G- rods?
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ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin (use with clavulinic acid!)
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