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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acid labile, secreted by proximal tubule cells -> short half-life, narrow spectrum to G+
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PenG
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Class II penicillin
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Met a NAsty OX: methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin
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Which Group III penicillin is thru oral route?
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Amoxicillin
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Which penicillins are used ag P aeruginosa?
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group IV: CAR TICk and PIPe bomb ->
Carbencillin Ticarcillin Pipercillin |
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Augmenting
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amoxicillin + clavulanate
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diff between penicillins and cephalosporins
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5 vs 6 member ring
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why is methicillin not used anymore?
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nephrotoxicity
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what are group II penicillins mostly used for?
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penicillase-producing staph infections
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allergy reactions to penicillin
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anaphylactic shock, hives, rash
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major secretion route of pen and cephalosporins
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renal
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what's the role of probenecid?
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decrease renal excretion of drugs
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3rd generation cephalosporin for meningitis
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ceftriaxone
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cephalosporin-specific toxicities
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hypersensitivity,
alcohol intolerance, bleeding disorders, nephrotoxic, Superinfections w/ G+ and fungi |
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W monobactam drug? good for?
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Aztreonam
good ag. G- |
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Imipenem
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broad spectrum
needs Cilastatin otherwise nephrotoxic and short half-life |
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beta-lactamase inhibitors + combinations
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clavulanic acid: Augmentin [w/ amoxicillin] & Timentin [w/ ticarcillin]
sulbactam: Unasyn [w/ ampicillin] |
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binds D-Ala D-Ala
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Vancomycin
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mode of administration for vancomycin
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IV, when oral not good absorption
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red man syndrome
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anaphylactic reaction to rapid infusion of vancomycin
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excretion of vancomycin
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renal
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toxicity of vancomycin
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ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity red man syndrome |
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resistance to vancomycin
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change to DAla DLactam
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Covers most G+, too bulky for G-
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vancomycin
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taken orally for Pseudomembranous colitis [C diff infection]
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Vancomycin
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drug in neosporin, sequsters peptidoglycan shuttle
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bacitracin
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most active drug ag G+ bact
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bacitracin
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bacitracin toxicity
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severe nephrotoxicity
only topical |
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gets actively transported into cells by G-
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aminoglycosides
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mechanism of action of aminoglycosides
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binds to 30S ribosome:
- prevents initiation - prevents translation - causes translational errors |
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resistance to aminoglycosides
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enzymatic modification
change in ribosome affinity decrease uptake |
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streptomycin administration
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oral
[aminoglycoside] |
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aminoglycoside excretion
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glomerular filtration
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why is it beneficial to give a single daily dose of kanamycin or gentamicin?
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nephrotoxicity [accumulation in brush border cells]
postantibiotic effect |
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aminoglycoside toxicity
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Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity Neuromuscular block [both presynaptic and postsynaptic] |
