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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sulfisoxazole |
sulfonamide drug single use therapy absorbed rapidly treat Nocardia |
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co-trimoxazole |
sulfonamide drug sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim - bacteriosidal Nocardia, listeria (ampicillin 1st) UTI respiratory infection ear infection, sinusitis salmonella shigella prophylaxis for HIV CD4<200 |
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Fluoroquinolones |
drug binds to DNA gyrase/ topo IV complex good Vd but no CSF inhibited by cations don't use in children (cartilage weakening) or pregnant women UTI chlamydia, legionella, mycobacteria "-floxacin" drugs Ciprofloxacin - aerobes only Levofloxacin (Levaquin) - S. pneumoniae (3rd behind ceftriaxone & macrolides) |
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Nitrofurantoin |
UTI agent |
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fosfomycin |
UTI agent |
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metronidazole |
UTI agent |
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Rifamycin |
bind to DNA dep RNA Pol - block transcription bacteriocidal "Rifa-"drugs TB E.Coli (Rifaximin) |
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beta-lactams |
inhibits cell wall synthesis by inactivating PBP unregulates autolysins --> degrade cell wall bacteriosidal good vs. Gram (+) and spirochetes resistance: b-lactamase, altered PBP (MRSA) acid labile - IV admin (some oral exceptions) short half life good Vd, but low in CSF and ocular - can treat meningitis during inflammation watch for allergies |
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Penicillin |
beta lactam narrow spectrum Pen V acid stable Potency: Pen G > Pen V b-lactamase = resistance vs. Gram + except enterococcous and staph vs. Gram (-) cocci except gonorrhea Pen G - syphillis for all stages |
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Nafcillin |
b-lactam narrow spectrum treat Staph EXCEPT MRSA acid labile - IV admin |
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Oxacillin |
b-lactam narrow spectrum treat less severe Staph oral admin |
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Ampicillin |
broad spectrum b-lactam acid stable - oral admin vs. some GNR - H.flu, E.Coli resp. infection UTI treat S. agalactiae (w/pen), listeria |
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Amoxicillin |
broad spectrum b-lactam acid stable - oral admin vs. some GNR - H.flu, E.Coli resp. infection UTI |
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Ticarcillin |
anti-pseudomonal b-lactams vs. pseudomonas, klebsiella use with aminoglycosides |
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piperacillin |
broadest spectrum b-lactams use with aminoglycosides pseudomonas |
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cephalosporin |
b-lactams sub for pen if allergic good vs. Gram (+), better vs. Gram (-) w/ gen distribution to CSF = good for brain infections "Ceft-" drugs |
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cefazolin |
1st gen cephalosporin good vs Gram(+) some gram (-) - E.Coli, klabsiella longer half life |
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cephalexin |
1st gen cephalosporin good vs Gram(+) some gram (-) - E.Coli, klabsiella oral admin |
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cefuroxime |
2nd gen cephalosporin good vs Gram(+) some gram (-) - E.Coli, klabsiella, H.flu, enterobacter, neisseria |
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cefoxitin |
2nd gen cephalosporin good vs. anaerobes - B. fragilis |
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cefotaxime |
3rd gen cephalosporin broad spectrum = prone to superinfections highly resistant to b-lactamase often used with aminoglycosides meningitis |
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ceftriaxone |
3rd gen cephalosporin broad spectrum = superinfections highly resistant to b-lactamase often used with aminoglycosides gonorrhea (1st), meningitis, lyme, S. pneumoniae |
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ceftazidime |
3rd gen cephalosporin broad spectrum = superinfections highly resistant to b-lactamase often used with aminoglycosides pseudomonas |
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cefepime |
4th & 5th gen cephalosporin great penetration into CNS |
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Vancomycin |
glycopeptide drug binds to D-ala-D-ala --> prevents PBP from binding --> inhibit cross linking in cell wall ONLY vs. gram (+) poor GI absorption CSF penetration if meninges are inflamed ototoxic & nephrotoxic --> don't use w/ aminoglycosides MRSA meningitis C. difficile (2nd to metronidazole) S. Viridans E. faecalis if not resistant |
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aminoglycosides |
mainline vs gram (-) ribosome binder (30s) & lysis enters by porins in ETC = only works with aerobes very polar - give parenterally "once a day dosing" - post ab effect transferase alters drug = resistance ototoxic & nephrotoxic (don't use w/ vanco) inhibits NMJ - avoid use w/ myasthenia gravis |
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streptomycin |
aminoglycosides endocarditis caused by S. viridans or Enterococcus (w/ b-lactams) |
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Gentamycin/Tobramycin |
aminoglycosides pseudomonas w/ cephalosporin enterobacter klabsiella |
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Amikacin/Netilmicin |
aminoglycosides good vs transferase use for genta/tobramycin resistant |
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neomycin |
aminoglycosides use to "prep the bowel" for surgery |
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tetracyclins |
broad spectrum bacteriostatic ribosome binder (30s) - block elongation enter by transporter but could be pumped out (resistance) "-cycline" drugs Vd: doxy- & mino- > tetra- doxycycline = hepatic clearance --> good for pt w/ renal disease don't use w/ cation avoid use w/ pregnancy or under 12 yo b/c of good Vd and calcification SE use for ricketts, mycoplasma pneumonia (2nd behind macrolides), chlamydia tigacycline - MRSA alternate for syphillis (pen 1st) and gonorrhea (w/ceftriaxone) |
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macrolides |
bind to 50s ribosome --> inhibit acyl t-RNA from A to P oral admin good Vd except CSF elimination by bile |
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Erythromycin |
macrolide prototype acid labile but coated - oral admin good Vd except CSF good vs. Gram (+) vs legionella (1st) M. pneumonia (1st) S. pneumonia (2nd if allergic to b. lactams) chlamydia (2nd to doxycyline) RF in S. pyrogenes (2nd to pen) listeria (2nd to amp) syphillis (3rd behind pen & tet) |
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clarithromycin |
macrolides 1st pass through liver more potent vs. staph & strep (compared to erythro) vs M. pneumonia, MAC |
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Azithromycin |
macrolides 1st pass through liver more potent vs. staph & strep (compared to erythro) concentrates in tissue & macrophages drug released overtime vs M. pneumonia, MAC, chlamydia (2nd to doxycycline), gonorrhea (w/ ceftriaxone) |
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Clindamycin |
Lincosamide 50s ribosomal binder - antagonist to macrolides & chloramphenicol no BBB penetration oral/IV admin similar to erythromycin but better vs anaerobes C. perfringens |
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Streptogramins |
50s subunit binder IV admin liver metabolism - excretion by bile inhibits P450 quinopristin-dalfopristin vs. VRE, MRSA, S. pneumoniae |
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Chloramphenicol |
bacteriostatic binds to 50s subunit (antagonize macrolides & lincosamide) toxic in neonatals BBB penetration - treat meningitis rickettsia (2nd to doxycycline) |
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Linezolid |
against DR- Gram(+) binds to both 30s & 50s subunits orally or IV mild MAOi vs. VRE, VRSA, MRSA |
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Daptomycin |
against DR- Gram(+) binds to phosphatidyl glycerol in bacterial IM --> depolarization & leakage binds to surfactant --> don't use in pt w/ pulm. infections IV 1x/day severe systemic side effects --> last resort VRSA |
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metronidazole |
makes toxic intermediates to macromolecules oral admin low toxicity good CSF penetration liver metabolism - bile excretion blocks ADH - don't drink alcohol C. tetani, C. difficil, C. perfingens PID w/ pen |
