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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Class of antimicrobials that target the bacterial cell membrane.
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Polypeptide Antibiotics
- polymyxin B - polymyxin E (Colistin) |
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Class of antimicrobials that target the bacterial cell wall.
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Beta-lactams
- penicillins - cephalosporins |
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Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins.
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- Methicillin
- Cloxacillin |
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Classes of antimicrobials that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis and repair.
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- Rifampin
- Nitroimidazole (metronidazole) - Fluoroquinolones - Sulphonamides - Diaminopyrimidines |
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Natural penicillins
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Penicillin G (benzylpenicillin)
Penicillin V |
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Aminopenicillins
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- Ampicillin
- Amoxycillin |
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Anti-Pseudomonal penicillins.
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- Ticarcillin
- Carbenicillin - Piperacillin |
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Classes of antimicrobials that are protein synthesis inhibitors.
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- Macrolides & Lincosamides
- Chloramphenicol - Aminoglycosides - Tetracyclines |
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Class of antimicrobials that inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase.
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Fluoroquinolones
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What is the mechanism of action of the Fluoroquinolones?
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Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis and repair: Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase
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What class of antimicrobial inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase?
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- Lincosamides
- Chloramphenicol |
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What is the mechanism of action of Lincosamides and Chloramphenicol?
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Inhibit protein synthesis: inhibit peptidyl transferase
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What antimicrobial inhibits RNA polymerase?
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Rifampin
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What is the mechanism of action of Rifampin?
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Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase
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What class of antimicrobial inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting translocation of the peptide from site A to site P?
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Macrolides
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What is the mechanism of action of the Macrolides?
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Inhibits protein synthesis: Inhibits translocation of the peptide from site A to site P
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What class of antimicrobials inhibit protein synthesis by preventing access of tRNA onto the A site?
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Tetracyclines
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What is the mechanism of action of the Tetracyclines?
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Inhibits protein synthesis: Prevents access of the tRNA to the A site on the ribosome
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What class of antimicrobial is a competitive inhibitor of PABA?
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Sulphonamides
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What is the mechanism of action of Sulphonamides?
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Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis and repair: competitive inhibitor of PABA (folic acid pathway)
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What class of antimicrobials cause loss of the helical structure of bacterial DNA causing strand breakage?
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Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole)
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What is the mechanism of action of the nitroimidazoles (metronidazole)?
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Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis and repair: Causes loss of helical structure of bacterial DNA causing strand breakage
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What class of antimicrobials inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)?
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Diaminopyrimidines (trimethoprim)
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What is the mechanism of action of Diaminopyrimidine (trimethoprim)?
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Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis and repair: Competitive inhibitor of DHFR (folic acid pathway)
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What class of antimicrobials alter codon:anticodon recognition?
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Aminoglycosides
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What is the mechanism of action of the Aminoglycosides?
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Inhibit protein synthesis: Alter codon:anticodon recognition
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What is the spectrum of activity of the natural Penicillins?
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Narrow Spectrum
- gram +ve - (gram -ve) - anaerobes |
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What is the spectrum of activity of the anti-staphylococcal Penicillins?
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Narrow Spectrum
- gram +ve cocci (beta-lactamase-producing bacteria such as Staphylococci) |
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What is the spectrum of activity of the Aminopenicillins?
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Broad Spectrum
- gram +ve - gram -ve |
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What is the spectrum of activity of the anti-Pseudomonal Penicillins?
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Broad Spectrum
- gram +ve - gram -ve - Pseudomonas |
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What is the spectrum of activity of the first-generation Cephalosporins?
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Narrow Spectrum
- gram +ve (including beta-lactamase producing bacteria) - anaerobes - moderate gram -ve |
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What is the spectrum of activity of the second-generation Cephalosporins?
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Narrow Spectrum
- gram +ve (including beta-lactamase producing bacteria) - anaerobes - better gram -ve than 1st generation (including E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus) |
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What is the spectrum of activity of the third-generation Cephalosporins?
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Narrow Spectrum
- moderate gram +ve - excellent against enterobacteriaceae - fair against Pseudomonas |
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What is the spectrum of activity of the fourth-generation Cephalosporins?
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Broad spectrum
- not destroyed by the beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella or Pseudomonas |
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How can you extend the spectrum of activity of the Penicillins?
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By the addition of beta-lactamase inhibitor Clavulanic acid.
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What is the spectrum of activity of the Fluoroquinolones?
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Broad Spectrum
- gram -ve aerobes (highly active) - gram +ve aerobes - intracellular bacteria - Mycoplasma - Mycobacteria (Ciprofloxacin) - activity is pH dependent (high above pH 7.4) |
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What is the spectrum of activity of the Aminoglycosides?
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Narrow Spectrum
- primarily gram -ve aerobes - some gram +ve aerobes (not Streptococci) - some mycoplasma - some mycobacteria |
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What is the spectrum of activity of the Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole)?
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Broad Spectrum (anaerobes)
- anaerobic gram -ve - anaerobic gram +ve - some anaerobic protozoa (Giardia and Trichomonas) |
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What is the spectrum of activity of the polypeptide antibiotics (polymyxins)?
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Narrow Spectrum
- gram -ve - neutralize bacterial endotoxin |
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What is the spectrum of activity of the Sulphonamides?
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Broad Spectrum
- gram +ve - gram -ve - Chlamydophila - Protozoa (Coccidia, Toxoplasma) |
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What is the spectrum of activity of the Diaminopyrimidines (trimethoprim)?
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Broad Spectrum
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What is the spectrum of activity of Chloramphenicol?
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Broad Spectrum
- gram +ve - gram -ve (Salmonella, Pasteurella, Haemophilus) - Rickettsia, Chlamydophila - anaerobes |
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What is the spectrum of activity of the tetracyclines?
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Broad Spectrum
- gram +ve (many Staphs resistant) - gram -ve (Enterobacteriaceae resistant) Mycoplasma, Chlamydophila, Rickettsia, protozoa, Spirochaetes |
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What is the spectrum of activity of the Macrolides?
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Moderate Spectrum
- gram +ve (Staphs, Streps, Corynebacterium, Listeria) - Anaerobes (Clostridium) - Mycoplasma - some gram -ve (Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Campylobacter) |
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What is the spectrum of activity of the Lincosamides?
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Moderate Spectrum
- gram +ve, anaerobes and mycoplasma - toxoplasma (Clindamycin) |
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What class do the drugs with the suffix -cillin belong to?
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beta-lactams (penicillins)
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What class do the drugs with the suffix -ceph or -cef belong to?
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beta-lactams (cephalosporins)
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What class do the drugs with the prefix sulf- belong to?
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sulfonamides
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What class do the drugs with the suffix -oprim belong to?
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diaminopyrimidines (trimethoprim)
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What class do the drugs with the suffix -floxacin belong to?
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fluoroquinolones
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What class do the drugs with the suffix -cycline belong to?
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tetracyclines
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What class do the drugs with the suffix -phenicol or -fenicol belong to?
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chloramphenicol
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What class do the drugs with the suffix -idazole belong to?
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nitroimidazole (metronidazole)
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What class do the drugs with the suffix -myxin belong to?
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polypeptide ABs (polymyxins)
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What class of antimicrobials do lincomycin and clindamycin belong to?
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lincosamides
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What class of antimicrobials do:
- Erythromycin - Tylosin - Tilmicosin - Tiamulin - Spiramycin - Tulathromycin belong to? |
macrolides
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What class of antimicrobials do:
- Streptomycin - Dihydrostreptomycin - Neomycin - Kanamycin - Gentamycin - Tobramycin - Amikacin belong to? |
aminoglycosides
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