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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemotherapy |
- Use of drugs to treat diseases - Inhibit growth or kill the pathogen - Used internally not externally like disinfectants - Today the biggest threat is ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE - GOAL: Kill pathogen and do not harm the host Selective Toxicity |
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Three Classes |
1. Antibiotics: naturally produced by bacteria & fungi 2. Synthetic Drugs: synthesized in a lab 3. Anti-viral Drugs |
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History |
1910 - Paul Ehrlich - Magic Bullet 1928 - Alexander Fleming - Penicillin 1940 - Howard Florey & Ernest Chain preformed clinical trials of penicillin |
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Antibiotics |
A substance that is produced by one microorganism (a bacterium or fungus) which in small amounts will kill or inhibit the growth of another microorganism. Major Producers - most are soil organisms - MOLDS Penicillium Cephalosporium - BACTERIA Streptomyces Bacillus |
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Selective Toxicity |
- Drug should only kill/inhibit the pathogen not the host |
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Differences between Pathogen & Host |
- Eukaryote host vs prokaryote pathogen - Eukaryote host vs eukaryote pathogen - Eukaryote host vs viruses |
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Narrow Spectrum |
Effective ONLY against Gram +ve OR Gram -ve bacteria |
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Broad Spectrum |
Effective against both Gram +ve AND Gram -ve bacteria |
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Superinfection |
Normal flora may also be affected and superinfection can occur, overgrowth of some opportunistic pathogens |
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Mechanisms of action |
1. Inhibit the cell wall synthesis 2. Inhibit protein synthesis 3. Injure plasma membrane 4. Inhibit nucleic acid replication & transcription 5. Inhibit metabolite synthesis |
