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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gram positive vs gram negative bacteria
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+- 2layers (cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall)
- - 3 layers (membrane, thin cell wall, outer membrane-diffucult to penetrate) |
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cell wall
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penicillins and cephalosporins weaken it and cause lysis
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enzymatic inhibition
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sulfonomides inhibit folic acid synthesis which all cells need
limited to microbes |
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protien synthesis disruption
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disrupt bacterial ribosomes
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broad spectrum PCNs
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ampicillin, amoxicillin
rash and diarrhea |
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Penicillinase resistant PCNs
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Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Methicillin- no longer available due to interstitial nephritis
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extended spectrum PCNs
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carbenicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin
mainly P.aurgenosa inactive against S.aureus due to beta lactamase susceptibility |
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Ticarcillin
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unstable in acid so given IV
watch for Na+ overload given in high dose w/ aminoglycosides promotes bleeding |
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Cephalosporin
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also have beta lactam ring
bactericidal 4 different generations |
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4 generations of cephalosporins
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1)cephalexin-destroyed by beta lactamases
2)Cefoxitinless sensitive to destruction 3&4)Cefoxatime, Cefapime-highly resistant |
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Cefuroxime
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only ceph that can be PO and injection
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1st generation Cephs
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not for meningitis, used for strepto and staphylococci
used because its effective, less expensive, narrow spectrum |
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2nd generation Cephs
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effective against pneumonia
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Carbapenems
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binds to PBP causing lysis/death
resistant to most beta lactamases cocci, bacilli and anaerobic |
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systemic mycoses
oppurtunistic nonopportunistic |
1. candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcus
2.sporotrichosis, histoplasmosis |
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Amphotericin B
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antifungal
increases cell permeability infusion rxn, nephrotoxicity, phlebitis ix. aminoglycosides, NSAIDS |
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-azole
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antifungal
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itraconazole
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antifungal
alternative to amphotericin inhibits ergesterols *cisopride, quinidine* cause vent dysrrythmias |
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flucytosine
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serious candida and cryptococcus infection
excreted by kidneys used w/ amphotericin BMS, hepatotoxicity, dysrrythmia |
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-cyclovir
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antiviral
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Acyclovir
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inhibits viral replication
renal doesnt cure it use for chickenpox EARLY high dx |
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Gancyclovir
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cytomegalovirus
**teratogenic** |
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Interferon Alpha
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blocks viral entry into cells, viral rna, assembly
Hepatitis B only parenteral side effect- flu like sx, depression |
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NRTI
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
zidovudine-anemia, neutropenia, bone marrow suppresion
didanosine- pancreatitis abacavir- hypersensitivity rxn |
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NNRTI
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life threatening rash
Efavirenz only one recommended as 1st but is teratogenic |
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protease inhibitors
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cause hyperglycemia, watch 4 diabetes
hyperlipidemia bone loss *inhibits p450 |
