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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the sites of action of antihypertensive drugs |
Vasomotor centre: clonidine, methyldopa B receptors heart: BB Angiotensin receptor blockers: ARB Alpha receptors: alpha blockers Vasc SM: hydralazine, CCB, GTN Kidneys: diuretics, ACE, |
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Describe the MOA ACE inhibitors |
Competitively blocks conversion angiotensin I - II therefore decreased vasc tone as blocks vasoconstrictive effect angiotensin II Inhibits aldosterone secretion therefore decreases BP Inhibits bradykinin inactivation - causes vasodilatation + decreased PVR + BP |
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What are the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors |
Dizziness, hypotension Cough ARF HyperK Angioedema Allergy- rash, drug fever, joint pain |
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What are some drug interactions that occur with ACE inhibitors |
NSAIDs Diuretics K sparing diuretics/supplement - HyperK Lithium General anaesthetics |
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Describe the pharmacodynamics of therapeutic drugs that modulate the effect of angiotensin Also What are the advantages of ARB over ACE inhibitors |
ACE inhibitors: reversibly block conversion AG1 to AG2, inhibits action RAAS stimulate kallikrein-kinin system ARB: angiotensin II inhibitors competitively antagonise AG2 receptor ARB do not result in production bradykinin, therefore decreased incidence of cough + angioedema |
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How does frusemide exert its action? OR What is the mechanism of action of frusemide |
Loop diuretic Selectively inhibits Na/K/Cl co-transporter in thick asc LOH, therefore prevents reabsorption of NaCL abolishes counter-current mech and leads to dilute urine Increased prostaglandin synthesis - inhibits salt transport in TAL - increased renal blood flow, decreased plum congestion, decreased LV filling pressures |
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What are the pharmacokinetics properties of frusemide? |
Rapid absorption after oral administration Can also be administered PO/IV Bioavailability ~ 50% Highly PPB > 95% Conjugated in kidney 50% excreted unchanged in urine T 1/2: 1.5 - 2hrs onset of action IV 30min, PO 1hr |
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What are the potential adverse effects of frusemide? |
Electrolyte disturbance: - Hypok, hypoMg, hypoNa Postural hypotension/dizziness metabolic alkalosis Allergy: rash, eosinophilia, interstitial nephritis Increased LDL + triglycerides Hyperglycaemia Dehydration |
