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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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Thiazide diuretic
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Chlorthalidone
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Thiazide diuretic
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Metolazone
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Thiazide diuretic
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Indapamide
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Thiazide diuretic
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Thiazide diuretic mechanism
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Inhibit Na absorption at the distal renal tubule.
Oral agents. |
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Thiazide diuretic side effects
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Hypokalemia
Decreased magnesium Hyponatremia Hyperglycemia Gout Dehydration Rash (due to sulfur moiety) |
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Loop diuretic mechanism
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Inhibit Na absorption at the ascending loop of Henle.
Very potent diuretic - used for quick volume reduction. |
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Loop diuretic side effects
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Hypokalemia
Decreased magnesium Hyponatremia Hyperglycemia Gout Dehydration Rash (due to sulfur moiety) |
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Furosemide
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Loop diuretic
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Bumetanide
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Loop diuretic
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Toresamide
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Loop diuretic
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Ethacrynic acid
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Loop diuretic w/o sulfur!
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K+ sparing diuretic mechanism
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Activates Na/K excretion at distal renal tubule while inhibiting aldosterone and saving K+
"Wimpy diuretics" |
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Spironolactone
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K+ sparing diuretic
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Eplerenone
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K+ sparing diuretic
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Triamterene
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K+ sparing diuretic
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Amiloride
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K+ sparing diuretic
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K+ sparing diuretics side effects
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Hyperkalemia
Gynecomastia with spironolactone Rash with Triamterene and amiloride |
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Captopril
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ACE inhibitor
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Enalapril
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ACE inhibitor
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Lisinopril
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ACE inhibitor
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Ramipril
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ACE inhibitor
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Benazepril
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ACE inhibitor
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ACE inhibitor mechanism
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Blocks conversion of angiotensin I --> angiontensin II
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ACE inhibitor side effects
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Hyperkalemia
Increased serum creatinine Acute renal failure Angioedema Cough ***Do not use in pregnancy*** |
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ACE inhibitor contraindications
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Pregnancy
Bilateral renal artery stenosis Previous angioedema Hyperkalemia |
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Angiotensin receptor blocker mechanism
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Blocks effects of angiotensin II at receptor subtype I
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Angiotensin receptor blocker side effects
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Hyperkalemia
Increased serum creatinine Angioedema ***Do not use in pregnancy*** |
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Atenolol
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B1 specific beta blocker
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Metoprolol
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B1 specific beta blocker
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Propanolol
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Non-specific B blocker
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Labetolol
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A1, B1, B2 blocker
(Vasodilation AND increased chronotropic/inotropic effect) |
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Carvedilol
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A1, B1, B2 blocker
(Vasodilation AND increased chronotropic/inotropic effect) |
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Beta blocker side effects
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Drowsiness
Lethargy Confusion Bronchoreactive AV nodal blockade |
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Verapamil
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Ca channel blocker
Decreased contractility Decreased HR Slightly decreased vascular resistance |
Type, effects on contractility, heart rate, vascular resistance
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Diltiazem
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Ca channel blocker
Slightly decreased contractility, HR, and vascular resistance |
Type, effects on contractility, heart rate, vascular resistance
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Nifedipine
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Ca channel blocker
Decreased vascular resistance and reflex tachycardia |
Type, effects on contractility, heart rate, vascular resistance
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Nicardipine
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Ca channel blocker
Decreased vascular resistance and reflex tachycardia |
Type, effects on contractility, heart rate, vascular resistance
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Isradipine
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Ca channel blocker
Decreased vascular resistance and reflex tachycardia |
Type
Effects on contractility, HR and vascular resistance |
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Nisoldipine
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Ca channel blocker
Decreased vascular resistance and reflex tachycardia |
Type
Effects on contractility, HR and vascular resistance |
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Felodipine
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Ca channel blocker
Decreased vascular resistance and reflex tachycardia |
Type
Effects on contractility, HR and vascular resistance |
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Amlodipine
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Ca channel blocker
Decreased vascular resistance and reflex tachycardia |
Type
Effects on contractility, HR and vascular resistance |
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Best Ca channel blockers
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Amlodipine - long duration of action
Diltazem - vasodilator + decreases CO |
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A1 receptor blockers
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Terazosin, doxazosin, prazosin
Inhibit vasoconstricion Used in benign prostatic hypertrophy May cause syncope, dizziness, lethargy |
Names
Effects When to use Adverse effects |
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A2 receptor blockers
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Clonidine, methyldopa
Inhibit vasoconstriction Use WITH a diuretic |
Names
Effects When to use |
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Vasodilators
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Hydralazine, minoxidil
Cause vasodilation Use with diuretic and beta-blocker to counteract compensitory changes Bad side effect profile |
Names
Effects When to use Adverse effects |
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Stage I hypertension without compelling indications
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Use thiazide diuretics and consider ACEi, ARB, BB, CCB
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Stage II hypertension without compelling indications
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Use thiazide diuretic and ACEi OR ABR, BB, CCB
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BP goals
Normal and diabetic/kidney pt |
140/90
130/80 (in patients with DM or kidney disease) |
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HTN treatment in heart failure
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Thizide diuretic
Beta blocker ACEi ARB |
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HTN treatment in post MI
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Beta blocker
ACEi |
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HTN treatment in high CAD risk
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Thiazide diuretic
Beta blocker ACEi |
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HTN treatment in diabetes
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THIAZ
BB ACEi ARB |
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HTN treatment in chronic kidney disease
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ACEi
ARB |
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HTN treatment in recurrent stroke prevention
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Thiazide diuretic
ACEi |
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HTN treatment in pregnancy
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Methyldopa (A2 antagonist)
BBs Vasodilators |
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Losartan
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ARB
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Valasartan
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ARB
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Irbesartan
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ARB
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Candesartan
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ARB
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Olmesartan
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ARB
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Telmisartan
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ARB
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HTN first line drug in obese, elderly, and African American pts
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Thiazide diuretics
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