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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which receptors are responsible for reflex tachycardia and vasodilation? |
baroreceptors, chemoreceptors |
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Three classes of antihypertensives |
beta blockers, α1 blockers, α2 agonists |
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Which class of antihypertensives does not cause vasodilation? |
beta blockers |
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Beta blockers: MOA |
prevent sympathetic stimulation of β1 receptors negative inotropic and chronotropic effect reduced CO reduced renin secretion |
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Uses of beta blockers |
HTN, reduction of LV cardiac remodeling post MI, angina, low dose for CHF migraine prophylaxis |
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Side effects of beta blockers |
tiredness, decreased exercise capacity, increased BP in times of stress, bronchospasm in those with respiratory disease |
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Name four types of beta blockers |
selective non-selective beta/alpha blockers ISA (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) |
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Uses and examples of selective beta blockers |
reduced risk of bronchospasm Ex: atenolol, bisoprolol, metroprolol |
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Uses and examples of non selective beta blockers |
will trigger an asthma attack in pts with asthma Ex: propranolol, timolol |
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Uses and examples of beta/alpha blockers |
reduces symptoms associated with unopposed α stimulation Ex: carvedilol, labetalol |
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Uses and examples of ISA beta blockers |
do not cause bradycardia Ex: pindolol, penbutolol, acebutolol |
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Nursing considerations with beta blockers |
monitor for bradycardia educate pt on medication compliance take radial/apical pulse before each dose |
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Assessment of efficacy for beta blockers |
reduction in angina reduction in palpitations reduction in BP reduction in migraine frequency |
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Prototypical non selective beta blocker |
propranolol |
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Prototypical selective beta blockers |
metoprolol, atenolol |
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α1 blockers: MOA |
antagonize α1 receptors to block vasoconstriction decrease peripheral vascular resistance |
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Side effects of α1 blockers |
first dose effect-orthostatic hypotension reflex tachycardia urinary incontinence |
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Uses of α1 blockers |
HTN (4th or 5th line) BPH (1st line) |
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Examples of α1 blockers |
terazosin, doxazosin, prazosin |
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α2 agonists: MOA |
shut off sympathetic outflow stimulate presynaptic α2 |
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Side effects of α2 agonists |
rebound hypertension with abrupt discontinuation dry mouth, drowsiness N/V, weakness, fatigue |
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Most common α2 agonist |
clonidine (PO, weekly patch) |
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Extended release version of clonidine |
Nexiclon XR |
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Other uses for clonidine |
ADHD, alcohol dependence, opiate detox, smoking cessation, vasomotor sx of menopause |
