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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Side Effects for Antihypertensives
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headaches, tiredness, back or muscle pain, diarrhea, nasal congestion, dizziness, and URI, dry cough and insomnia
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hydralazine
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acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause vasodilation - increase renal and cerebral blood flow, monotherapy or combination
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Beta Blockers
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metaprolol, atenolol, nodolol, propranolol
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MOA of Beta Blockers
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effects beta receptors in the heart decreasing BP by decreasing cardiac output
decrease renin release in the kidney |
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propranolol
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antianginal, antihypertensive, antiarrthythma, 3.5hrs, bradycardia, conduction blocks, CHF
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Blood Pressure (BP)
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function of cardiac output
total peripheral resistance BP=COxTPR |
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angiotensin II, stimulates the adrenal cortex, aldosterone is secreted, Na+ retention in the kidneys, increased plasma osmotic pressure,
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antidiuretic hormone for the hypothalamus, increased reabsorbtion of water by the kidneys, increased blood volumne, hypertension
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ACE inhibitors
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decrease vascular tone, directly lowering BP, inhibits aldosterone release reducing Na+ and H20 reabsorbtion, increase in plasma renin activity
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ACE inhibitor drugs (prils)
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benezepril, catapril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, qiunipril, ramipril
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CCBs
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nededipine, amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, diltazem, verapamil
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specific use for CCBs
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nemodipine-primarly used for the treatment of cerebral arterial spasms following a subarachnoid hemorrhage, crossing the blood/brain barrier, must be given within 96 hours to be effective
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verapamil
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used for supraventricular tachyarrthythmia
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administration of CCBs
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given on an empty stomach, take pulse before administering, monitor BP closely, drug interaction with digitalis
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combination drug therapy
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antihypertensives given with diuretics, 2 antihypertensives together, results in better control of BP, less likely to see SE b/c of smaller doses
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Angiotensin II Blockers
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does not affect serum K+ levels, increases aldosterone release, monotherapy for hypertension or on combination with other drugs, thiazide diuretic
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Adverse Effects for CCBs
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hypotension, peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, headaches, reflex tachycardia with nifedipine
constipation with verapamil, bradycardia, CHF, |
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Patient Teaching for CCBs
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Take pulse and hold if <50, avoid alcohol, change position slowly, daily dental hygiene to prevent gingivitis
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