Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Where are the L type calcium channels located in the body?
|
Vascular SM
Cardiac myocytes Cardiac nodal tissues |
|
|
How do calcium channel blockers work?
|
Vasodilation
Decreased contractility Decreased HR Decreased conduction velocity |
|
|
What are the indications for calcium channel blockers?
|
Hypertension
Angina Anti-arrythmia |
|
|
What is an important class of CCB used to treat hypertension? What do they end with?
|
dihydropyridines
-pines (e.g. amlodipine, felodipine) |
|
|
What are the non-dihydropyridine two classes of CCB?
|
Verapamil
Ditiazem (benzothiazepine) |
|
|
What are the three classes of CCBs?
|
Dihydropyridines
Verapramil Benzothiazepines |
|
|
What is the indication for dihydropyridines and why?
|
Indicated for hypertension. Selective for vascular SM.
|
|
|
What is the indication for verapramil?
|
Angina and arrythmias.
More selective for myocardium. Works by reducing myocardial oxygen demand and reversing coronary vasospasm. |
|
|
What is the indication for benzothiazepine?
|
Have both cardiac depressant and vasodilator effects. Effect not as marked as the other two classes. Can reduce arterial pressure without the reflex cardiac stimulatory effect produced by dihydropryridines.
|
|
|
SEs of dihydropyridine CCB
|
flushing
headache hypotension edema reflex tachycardia |
|
|
SEs of verapramil
|
excessive bradycardia
heart block depressed contractility |
|
|
Absolute CIs for CCBs
|
Patients with:
- bradycardia - heart block - heart failure - treated with beta blockers |
|
|
What are MOAs of beta blockers?
|
Inhibits sympathetic effects by binding to beta 1 and 2 adrenoreceptors (thus blocking epinephrine and norepinephrine)
|
|
|
What are the cardiac and vascular effects of beta blockers?
|
Cardiac effect:
- Decreased contractility - Decreased HR - Decreased relaxation rate - Decreased conduction velocity Vascular effect: - Smooth muscle constriction (mild vasoconstriction) |
|
|
Where are beta 1 and 2 receptors located?
|
Heart - beta 1 and 2
Blood vessels - beta 2 |
|
|
What are indications for beta blockers?
|
Heart failure
Myocardial infarction Angina Arrythmias Hypertension |
|
|
MOA of ACE inhibitor
|
Blocks formation of angiotensin II --> decrease in aldosterone --> decreased sodium and water reabsorption
Also inhibits metabolism of bradykinin (which has vasoconstrictory action) |
