Antihypertensive Drugs

Front 1

The four main types of drugs used by clinicians to treat hypertension

Back 1

1. Diuretics (Thiazide - frontline)
2. Renin/ Angiotensin System (ACEI, ARBs)
3. Calcium blockers
4. Beta-receptor blockers

Front 2

Hydrochlorothiazide acts on what site in the kidney

Back 2

easrly distal tubule
inhibits Na+-Cl- cotransporter

Front 3

Metolazone belongs to what class of drugs

Back 3

Thiazide diuretics

Front 4

Most powerful of the diuretics, usually to treat in edema in the face of congestion rather than for hypertension

Back 4

Loop diuretics

Front 5

inhibits the Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter in the ascending Loop of Henle

Back 5

Loop diuretics

Front 6

Adverse effects of this agent include potassium wasting and hypercalcemia

Back 6

Thiazides

Front 7

Spironolactone and Eplernone belong to what class of drugs

Back 7

K+ sparing diuretics,
more specifically they are aldosterone antagonists

Front 8

Amiloride and Triamterene belong to what class of drugs

Back 8

K+ sparing diuretics,
more specifically epithelium sodium channel blockers

Front 9

two types of K+ sparing diuetics

Back 9

1.aldosterone antagonists
2.epithelium sodium channel blockers

Front 10

used as combination therapy with a thaizide or loop diuretic to counter the hypokalemia that can occur with these drugs

Back 10

K+ sparing diuretics

Front 11

What is the site of action of K+ sparing diuretics

Back 11

the collecting ducts of the kidney

Front 12

class of drugs ending in [-pril]

Back 12

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

Front 13

The protype drug of the ACE inhibitors

Back 13

Captopril

Front 14

The most commonly used ACE inhibitor

Back 14

Lisinopril

Front 15

this class of drugs is a frontline antihypertensive agent preferred with diabetics however it has been shown to be less effective in elderly and Afro-Americans

Back 15

ACE inhibitors

Front 16

causes an increase in bradykinin levels that is associated with a dry cough

Back 16

ACE inhibitors

Front 17

Angiotensin II receptor blockers act on

Back 17

Type 1 receptors specifically - Not Type 2!

Front 18

this class of drugs ends in [-sartan]

Back 18

Angiotensin Type 1 receptor blockers (ARB's)

Front 19

aliskiren

Back 19

newest drug, the only member of the renin inhibitors

Front 20

contraindications of drugs that act on the renin angiotensin system

Back 20

contraindicated in pregnancy and individuals with bilateral renal artery stenosis

Front 21

Type I Angiotensin II receptors mediate what effects

Back 21

inc aldosterone
inc ADH
inc TPR
inc sympathetics

(ARBs act on these recpetors to block these actions)

Front 22

dry cough is a symptom specific to

Back 22

the ACE inhibitors (i.e. Captopril, Lisinopril)

Front 23

calcium channel blockers can be divided into two different classes

Back 23

Non- dihydropyridines (non-DHPs)
and Dihydropyridines (DHPs)

Front 24

Nifedipine and Amplodipine are agents that belong to what class of drugs

Back 24

These are dihydropyridines, which are calcium channel blockers

Front 25

Verapamil belongs to what class of drugs

Back 25

Verapamil is a non-DHP
calcium channel blocker

Front 26

Diltiazem

Back 26

a non- DHP
calcium channel blocker

Front 27

calcium channel blockes bind to L-type calcium channels in what major tissues

Back 27

cardiac and vascular smooth muscle

Front 28

Do non-DHP such as Verapamil act more on the vasculature or the heart?

Back 28

Verapamil has significant negative inotropic effects on the heart, and little effect on the vasculature

Front 29

Do DHPs such as Nifedipine act more on the heart or the vasculature?

Back 29

Nifedipine acts mainly to dilate arterioles, leading to a decrease in TPR
Has little effects on the heart

Front 30

contraindicated with beta-blockers in patients with heart failure

Back 30

non-DHPs such as Verapamil

Front 31

adverse effects of these drugs include hypotension, reflex tachycardia,flushing, headache, and edema

Back 31

DHPs such as Nifedipine

Front 32

gingival hyperplasia can be seen with

Back 32

the use of Nifedipine, a DHP calcium channel blocker
and Phenytoin, an antiepileptic drug also usd for dysrhytmias

Front 33

in general calcium channel blockers are contraindicated in patients with

Back 33

heart failure

Front 34

Propranolol

Back 34

the prototype beta blocker
it is non selective and has membrane stabilizing action

Front 35

A beta-1 selective antagonist with membrane stabilizing properties

Back 35

Metoprolol

Front 36

A non-selective beta blocker with partial agonist activity

Back 36

Pindolol

Front 37

mixed alpha and beta receptor blocker that is a frontline agent in hypertensive crisis

Back 37

Labetalol

Front 38

Carvedilol is a new unique agent because it is one of the only beta blockers used as a frontline agent for

Back 38

congestive heart failure

Front 39

phenoxybenzamine is typically seen in the treatment of

Back 39

pheochromoctoma

Front 40

An alpha-1 selective anatagonists used in the treatment of benign prostate hypertrophy

Back 40

Prazosin

Front 41

An adverse effect that is common to all alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists

Back 41

postural hypotension

Front 42

Dopamine- 1A agonist used for acute hypertension or hypertensive crisis

Back 42

Fenoldopam

Front 43

a lupus reaction can be seen with what drugs

Back 43

Hydralazine, a direct muscle relaxer used for HTN
and Procainamide, an antiarhythmic agent

Front 44

sodium nitroprusside works to decrease TPR by

Back 44

releasing nitric oxide which activates guanylyl cyclase, increases cyclic GMP

Front 45

cyanide toxity is an adverse effect of what powerful vasodilator

Back 45

sodium nitroprusside

Front 46

sodium nitroprusside is used for

Back 46

acute emergency hypertension situations

Front 47

this drug dilates arteriolar vessels, can be used for hypertensive crisis, and to treat hypoglycemia because it inhibits insulin release

Back 47

Diazoxide

Front 48

Fenoldopam

Back 48

dopamine 1A agonist
used for acute hypeetensive crisis

Front 49

A centrally acting sympatholytic agent that could be used for HTN but is more so used for opiate and nicotine withdrawal treatment

Back 49

Clonidine

Front 50

alpha- methyldopa is the prefered agent for

Back 50

hypertension during pregnancy

Front 51

ganglion-blocking agents

Back 51

Trimethaphan and Mecamylamine
competitively block ganglionic nicotinic receptors

Front 52

Trimethaphan and Mecamylamine

Back 52

ganglionic-blocking agents
the earliest drugs used to treat HTN, now rarely ever used, many serious side effects

Front 53

Guanethidine and Reserpine

Back 53

Adrenergic neuron blocking agents

Front 54

inhibits the uptake of NE into storage vesicles

Back 54

Reserpine

Front 55

inhibits the release of NE from nerve temrinals

Back 55

Guanethidine