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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is Albendazole
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broad-spectrum oral antihelminthic.
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what is the mech of action of Albendazole
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inhibits microtubule synthesis in nematodes, thus irreversibly impairing glucose uptake
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what are the adverse effect of Albendazole
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When used for 2-3 days it is nearly free of adverse effects
Long-term treatment is associated with liver toxicity, agranulocytosis and pancytopenia |
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what are the interactions of Albendazole
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Dexamethasone, cimetidine, and praziquantel will increase the serum concentration of the active metabolite of Albendazole
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true or false: Blood counts should be done every weeks during long-term therapy of albendazole.
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true
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what are the contraindications of albendazole
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Relatively contraindicated in pregnancy
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what is albendazole used for
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treatment of hydatid disease and cysticercosis; also used for pinworms, Ascariasis, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, and hookworms
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what is the mech of action of diethylcarbamazine citrate
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immobilizes microfilariae and alters their surface structure displacing them from tissues and making them more susceptible to destruction by host defenses
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what are the indications of diethylcarbamazine
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DOC for filariasis, loiasis, and tropical eosinophilia
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what is the DOC for filariasis, loiasis, and tropical eosinophilia
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diethylcarbamazine
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what toxicity is associated w/ diethylcarbamazine
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headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting.
Adverse reactions also occur as a result of the release of proteins from dying microfilariae or adult worms.(fever, malaise, headache, joint pain) |
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what are the contraindications of diethylcarbamazine
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use with caution in patients with hypertension or renal disease
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what are the interactions of diethylcarbamazine
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unavailable
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what is the DOC for strongyloidiasis (threadworm) and onchocerciasis (river blindness) and an alternative treatment for filariasis
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ivermectin
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what drug intensifies GABA-mediated neurotransmission in nematodes and causes immobilization
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ivermectin
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what are the indications of ivermectin
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DOC for strongyloidiasis (threadworm) and onchocerciasis (river blindness) and an alternative treatment for filariasis
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what are the interactions of ivermectin
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intensifies GABA-mediated neurotransmission in nematodes and causes immobilization; avoid with other drugs that enhance GABA transmission such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and valproic acid
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what are the adverse effects of ivermectin
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Selective toxicity results because in humans, GABA is a neurotransmitter only in the CNS and ivermectin does not cross the blood-brain barrier; Mazzotti reaction, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting, abdominal pain, and rashes
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true or false: In onchocerciasis treatment w/ ivermectin, the Mazzotti reaction occurs which is due to the killing of microfilariae
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true
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what drug can also be used to control scabies, lice, cutaneous larva migrans, and ascariasis
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ivermectin
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what is the mech of action of mebendazole
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Inhibits microtubule synthesis in nematodes, thereby irreversibly inhibiting glucose uptake
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what are the adverse effects of mebendazole
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minimal toxicity to humans; neutropenia and hepatitis when taken for a long period of time
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what are the indications of mebendazole
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treatment of Ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm, and pinworms
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what is another word for mebendazole
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vermox
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what are the interactions of mebendazole
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Cimetidine will increase mebendazole levels
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what are the contraindications of mebendazole
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pregnancy
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what type of drug is metrifonate
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Organophosphate compound
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what drug is a Organophosphate compound
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metrifonate
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what is the mech of action of metrifonate
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Inhibits acetylcholinesterase; Paralyzes adult worms
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what is metrifonate used to treat
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Schistosoma haematobium
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what are the adverse effects of metrifonate
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Cholinergic side effects
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what are the contraindications for metrifonate
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Should not be used in pregnancy or after exposure to insecticides
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what is the mech of action of niclosamide
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inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation or stimulation of ATPase
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what drug is a Second line treatment for tapeworm infections
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niclosamide
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what is niclosamide used for
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Second line treatment for tapeworm infections
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what are the side effects of niclosamide
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NVD, abdominal discomfort
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what is the mech of action of Oxamniquine
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unknown
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what is Oxamniquine used for
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Alternative to praziquantel for Schistosoma mansoni infections
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what are the adverse effects of Oxamniquine
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dizziness, headache, drowsiness, NVD, abdominal cramps
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what are the contraindications of Oxamniquine
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pregnancy
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what drug is an alternative to praziquantel for Schistosoma mansoni infections
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Oxamniquine
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what is the mech of action of piperazine
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causes paralysis of ascaris by blocking acetylcholine at the myoneural junction.
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what are the indications of piperazine
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Ascariasis
Not used for other helminth infections |
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what are the contraindications of piperazine
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pregnancy, patients with impaired renal or hepatic function
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what are the adverse effects of piperazine
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NV&D, dizziness and headache
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what are the drug interactions of piperazine
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Antagonistic with pyrantel pamoate
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what is the mech of action of praziquantel
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Increases the cell permeability to calcium in schistosomes; causes strong contractions and paralysis of worm musculature leading to detachment of suckers from the blood vessel walls and to dislodgement
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what are the indications for praziquantel
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Schistosomiasis, cysticercosis, intestinal trematodes and tapeworms
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what are the contraindications of praziquantel
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hypersensitivity to the drug, ocular cysticercosis, spinal cysticercosis
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what are the adverse effects of praziquantel
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dizziness, drowsiness, headache, fever.
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what are the interactions of praziquantel
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Alcohol increases CNS depression, cimetidine increases praziquantel levels
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what is the mech of action of pyrantel pamoate
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Stimulates nicotinic receptors present at neuromuscular junctions of nematodes.
Contraction of muscles occurs followed by a depolarization-induced paralysis |
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what are the indications for pyrantel pamoate
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broad-spectrum anthelminthic for the treatment of pinworms, Ascariasis, and Trichostrongylus orientalis
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what are the adverse effects of pyrantel pamoate
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headache, GI distress, and weakness
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what are the contraindications of pyrantel pamoate
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relatively contraindicated in pregnancy and liver disease
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what are the interactions of pyrantel pamoate
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piperazine antagonizes the effect of pyrantel pamoate.
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what is the mech of action of thiabendazole
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inhibits helminth-specific mitochondrial fumarate reductase
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what are the idications for thiabendazole
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strongyloidiasis, cutaneous larva migrans- larvae excreted in dog feces(thiabendazole or albendazole to Tx), visceral larva migrans, dracunculosis, trichinosis, and mixed helminthic infections
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what are the contraindications for thiabendazole
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pregnancy
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what are the adverse effects of thiabendazole
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dizziness, anorexia, abdominal pain, liver failure, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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what are the interactions of thiabendazole
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Increases serum theophylline concentrations
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