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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immunogens
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substances that are usually foreign; capable of inducing a specific immune response.
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antigen
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any substance that binds specifically to an Ab or a Tcell receptor
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Example of an Ag that is not immunogenic
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Penicillin - a hapten that needs a carrier
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what 2 properties determine the recognition of a Ab or TcR for an antigen?
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-Conformation
-Chemical properties |
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4 properties of a good immunogen/Ag:
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-Foreignness
-Chemical composition and heterogeneity -Large/insoluble Ags for better Processing and presentation. -Molecular size -100kDa is good; 5 kDa is bad. |
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What is a hapten?
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a small antigenic molecule that is not immunogenic; to make immunogenic must be coupled with a carrier protein.
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adjuvant
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substances that enhance the immunogenicity of an antigen
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Are B-cell epitopes sequential or non?
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Either - can be contiguous amino acid residues, or noncontinuous, brought together by folding of the protein.
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What is a major determinant of whehter antibody will bind an antigen or not?
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Complementarity of fit.
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What types of residues on ?Antigens do Bcell antibodies recognize?
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Hydrophilic
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What could be a consequence of denaturing an antigen with Bcell epitopes?
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If non-sequential, will destroy the epitopes. These are only epitopes when undenatured.
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Are Tcell and Bcell epitopes
External or Internal? |
Tcell = internal; hydrophobic
Bcell = external; hydrophilic |
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What happens to Tcell epitopes on denatured proteins?
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Nothing; they're degraded to present on MHC2 anyway
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What determines whether an epitope can be a Tcell epitope or not?
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If it can bind to both the TCR AND MHC.
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4 factors that determine an Individual response to an immunogen:
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-Genotype
-Quantity/frequency of administration -Route of administration -Use of adjuvant |
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What difference does genotype make in an individual's response to immunogens?
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MHC is pleomorphic; some individuals respond to Ag better than others.
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How does quantity/frequency affect reaction to an immunogen?
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Quantity - must have enough to elicit a response;
Frequency - boosters/secondary response will have a greater response |
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3 routes of Immunogen administration:
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-IV
-Intradermal (into skin) -Subdermal (just under skin) -Intramuscular -Intraperitoneal |
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4 effects of an Adjuvant:
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1. prolong Ag persistence
2. Enhance co-stimulatory signals 3. Induce inflammation (form granuloma) 4. Stimulate lymphocyte proliferation. |
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what is an Immunodominant epitope?
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one that elicits a stronger response than other epitopes on the same protein/molecule.
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What antibodies respond when immunizing with a hapten-carrier conjugate?
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-Anti-hapten Ab -> most if this is the immunodominant epitope on the complex.
-Anti-carrier+hapten Ab -Anti-carrier Ab |
