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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antifungal agents (5)
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Imidazoles
Amphotericin Griseofulvin Flucytosine Allylamines |
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Imidazoles: Drugs in this class all end in what?
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-AZOLES
ALL are hepatotoxic |
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Fluconazole is the DOC for what?
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most fungal infections;
thrush (candidiasis) severe but non-disseminated coccidiodomycosis cryptococcal (not meningeal) |
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What is the drug of choice for vaginal candidiasis?
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miconazole
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Alternative drug of choice for vaginal candidiasis in an HIV (+) patient?
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topical nystatin
DOC: topical miconazole |
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What are phaeohyphomycoses ?
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Rare infections caused by black molds
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What is the DOC for blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis?
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Itraconazole
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Is Itraconazole more or less heaptotoxic than fluconazole?
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MORE
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List the adverse effects of Voriconazole? (3)
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severe skin reactions, photosensitivity, and hepatotoxicity
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What tests must be monitored continuously when using Voriconazole?
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liver function tests and creatinine
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DOC for aspergillosis and rare aggressive fungal species (scedosporium apiospermum)?
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Voriconazole
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Ketoconazole is the DOC for what?
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tinea versicolor
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MOA of imidazoles?
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interact with the fungal P450; blocking demethylation of Ianosterol to ergosterol
Ergosterol is necessary for healthy fungal cell membranes |
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Does Amphotericin B cross the placenta?
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YES
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MOA of Amphotericin B
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binds ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane; developing a pore which electrolytes will cross and results in severe electrolyte imbalances and fungal death
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Which antifungal has the potential to cause renal failure, type I renal tubular acidosis, and hypokalemia?
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Amphotericin B
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What drug has similar action to amphotericin B but is used topically because of high systemic toxicity?
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Nystatin
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MOA of Griseofulvin
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interacts with microtubules to disrupt mitotic spindles thereby inhibiting mitosis
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Which antifungal accumulates in keratin, making skin and nails unsuitable for fungal growth?
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Griseofulvin
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Which antifungal acts as a nucleoside analog and inhibitts DNA synthesis?
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5-flucytosine (5FC)
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5-flucytosine in combo with amphotericin is another 1st line treatment of what?
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cryptococcal meningitis
can cause bone marrow suppression |
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DOC for onychomycosis (fungal nail infections) and for tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp)?
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Terbinafine
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Terbinafine inhibits what enzyme necessary for ergosterol synthesis?
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squalene epoxidase
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Terbinafine is contraindicated in which patients?
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Those with liver disease because it can cause severe hepatitis
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Drug similar to Terbinafine but used topically and therefore less toxic?
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Butenafine
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Butenafine is the drug of choice for all types of tinea except?
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tinea capitis
DOC: terbinafine |
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True of False
ALL Imidazoles are hepatotoxic? |
TRUE
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Which antifungal is hepatotic and teratogenic; will cause a disulfiram-like reaction when alcohol is ingested and will cause a photosensitivity rash?
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Griseofulvin
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Which antifungal can severely damage kidneys, cause hypokalemia and anemia and may also result in hypotension and neurological effects?
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Amphotericin
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Are nystain and miconazole used orally or topically?
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topically
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