Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Depression or major depressive disorder definition |
It is a state of low mood and aversion of activity that can affect a person’s thought behaviour and well-being |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of depression |
Depressed or sad mood, pessimistic worry, diminished interest in normal activities, mental slowing and poor concentration, Insomnia or increased sleep, significant weight loss or gain due to altered eating and activity patterns, psychomotor agitation or retardation, Feelings of guilt and worthlessness, decreased energy and libido, and suicidal ideation, occurring most days for a period of at least 2 weeks |
|
|
Types |
Melancholic, Catatonic, Seasonal affective disorder, Postpartum or Postnatal depression |
|
|
Biochemical basis (pathogenesis) of Depression |
The specific pathological basis of depression is unknown but it is widely accepted that its etiology, course and long-term prognosis are influenced by genetic, environmental and neurobiological factors. Some biochemical basis: Genetic factors Monoamine hypothesis Neurotrophic hypothesis Neuroendcrine hypothesis Microglia hypothesis |
|
|
main and the oldest biochemical theory of depression |
Monoamine hypothesis |
|
|
Monoamine hypothesis states |
states that depression is caused by functional deficit in the amount or function of cortical and limbic monoamines (serotonin (5-HT), nonadrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA)) at certain sites of the brain. |
|
|
Classify antidepressants |
i. Reversible inhibitors of MAO-A (RIMAs): Moclobemide, Clorgyline ii. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) A) NA + 5-HT reuptake inhibitors: Imipramine B) Predominantly NA reuptake inhibitors: Desipramine iii. SSRIs: Fluoxetine iv. SNRIs: Venlafaxine, v. Atypical antidepressants: Trazodone |
|
|
MAO-A: |
This is found both centrally and peripherally. It primarily metabolize NA and 5-HT in the CNS. It is reversibly inhibited by clorgyline and meclobemide |
|
|
MAO-B: |
This is found in DA sites. It is a dopamine selective isoform. It is only inhibited by selegilline |
|
|
MOA of MAOIs |
The MAOIs act by inhibiting the degradation and deamination action of MAO inside the neurons, so that high concentration of the synthesized biogenic amines will get to the synaptic cleft |
