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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phenobarbitol
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Partial and General Seizures
Mechanism: affects GABA and GLU Induces liver enzymes to metabolize other drugs Causes cognitive impairments in children Primidone is active precursor |
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Phenytoin
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Partial and GTC Seizures
Inhibits Na permeability Cosmetic effects decrease compliance (esp. Gingival Hyperplasia) Dose related symptoms: Nystagmus and Ataxia IV incompatible (use Fosphenytoin) |
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Carbamazepine
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Partial an GTC seizures, Trigem. Nueralgia and Bipolar
Inhibits Na permeability GI side effects, double vision and hematology (monitor WBCs) Autoinduces metabolism: 10,11 epoxide metabolite is active and increased by Na Valproate |
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Sodium Valproate/ Divalproex
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Major seizure types AND Absence seizures
Inhibits GABA and effects ion channels (ie Ca) Weight gain, hepatotoxicity in kids and alopecia |
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Ethosuximide
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Absence seizures
Blocks T-type Ca channels |
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Benzodiazepines
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Cause allosteric change in GABA receptor to increase frequency of Cl channel openings
Not effective long term and high abuse potential |
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Diazepam and Lorazepam
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Benzodiazepines used for status epilepticus and alcohol withdrawl
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Clonazepam
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Benzodiazepine used for akinetic, myoclonic and lennox gastaut seizures
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Felbamate
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Partial seizures and Lennox Gastaut adjunct
NMDA receptor antagonist Seldom used due to aplastic anemia and hepatotoxicity |
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Lamotrigine
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Complex partial seizures
Inhibits Na permeabolity Side effect is a morbilliform rash that can progress to Stevens Johnson Syndrome |
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Gabapentin
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Adjunct for Complex Partial, Bipolar, Neuropathies
Stimulates GABA release Few drug interactions: water soluble and eliminated by kidneys |
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Pregabalin
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More potent alternative to gabapentin
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Topiramate
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Works on GABA and AMPA
Weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor so some people predisposed to kidney stones |
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Tiagabine
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Inhibits GABA reuptake
Increases risk of seizue in patients without epilepsy |
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Levetiracetam
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Binds to synaptic vessicular protein that modifies synaptic release of GLU and GABA
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Zonisamide
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Inhibits Na permeability and T-type Ca channels
May predispose to kidney stones Is a sulfonamide so can induce allergic rashes in some people |
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Lacosamide
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Inhibits Na permeability
May cause euphoria Associated with prolonged PR interval so caution in pts with cardiac conduction problems |
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Rufinamide
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Adjunct for Lennox Gastaut
Assoc with QT interval shortening |
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Drug Interactions via Enzyme Induction
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Phenobarbitol, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine
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Drug Interactions via Protein Displacement
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Phenytoin, Divalproax
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Drug Interactions via Enzyme Inhibition
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Divalproex, Felbamate
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