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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of receptor is a Muscarinic Receptor? What is it stimulated by? What is it blocked by? |
G-Protein Coupled Receptor Muscarine and Acetylcholine Atropine, Scopolamine, Pilocarpine |
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What does stimulating a Muscarinic Receptor cause in the body? |
Salivation and sweating, Papillary constriction, increases in GI peristalsis, and slows conduction in SA and AV node in heart. |
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What is the mechanism of action for Anticholinesterase Medications? |
Inhibits Hydrolysis of ACh by competetively binding to Acetylcholinesterase and Plasma Cholinesterase in the synaptic cleft. |
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What are three chemical groups of Anticholinesterase Medications? |
Simple Alcohols (edrophonium) Carbonic Acid Esters of Alcohols (Neostigmine) Organic Derivatives of Phosphoric Acid (Organophosphates) |
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What is the Vd, Lipid solubility, and metabolism of Anticholinesterase Medications? |
Large Vd Poor Lipid Solubility Conjugation, Hydrolysis, and intrahepatic metabolism are the mechanism of metabolism |
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What is Edrophonium used for and which anticholinergic medication is given concurrently? |
Used to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis and Cholinergic Crisis. Give Atropine |
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What is the dose of Neostigmine, and what antocholinergic medication is given with it? |
Dose 0.05-0.06mg/kg with Max dose 5mg (ceiling effect) Mixes 1mg/ml easy way to remember dose 20kg-1cc,40kg-2cc,60kg-3cc,80kg-4cc,100kg-5cc Max dose Give Glycopyrolate |
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Which Anticholinesterase medication crosses the BBB? |
Physostigmine- it is lipid soluble (only one) |
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Why do you need to give an anticholinergic (also called antimuscarinics and parasymatholytics) drugs with the anticholinesterase Medications? |
Anticholinesterase affects both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. The muscarinic receptors will stimulate a cholinergic response that needs to be blocked. |
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What is the mechanism of action for anticholinergic medications? |
Competitively (reversibly) blocks muscarinic receptors. Tissues most sensitive are Salivary, Sweat, and bronchial. |
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How do anticholinergic Medications cause N&V? |
Decreases GI motility and tone, also decreases secretions in the lungs and counteracts brochospasms. |
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What are the adverse effects of anticholinergic medications (especially atropine poisoning)? |
"Dry as a bone, Blind as a Bat, Red as a Beet, and Mad as a Hatter" Dry mouth, Mydrdriasis, Tachycardia, Hot and Flushed Skin, Agitation, and Dilirium. |
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What is Central Cholinergic Syndrome (Cholinergic Crisis)? |
Caused by excessive Acetylcholine in the brain, leading to N&V, Bradycardia or tachycardia, excessive salivation & Sweating, Brochospasms, Weakness and Paralysis. Treat with Atropine and ventilator support. |
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What are the doses, onsets, and durations of action for Glycopyrolate and Scopolamine? |
Glycopyrolate 0.01mg/kg (0.2 mg for each 1mg of neostigmine) Onset<1min Duration 2 hrs Scopolamine 0.2-0.6 mg sedation amnesia Onset<1min Duration 2-6 hrs |
