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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are glucocorticoids used for in cancer?
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Manage complications of cancer and cancer therapy
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What is the standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer?
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Androgen deprivation
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What does androgen deprivation do to the prostate cancer?
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Slows disease progression but does not cure cancer
Often progresses after 2 years |
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What does gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LH) do to androgen production?
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Suppresses androgen production
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What is the prototypic GnRH for prostatic cancer?
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Leuprolide
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How does leuprolide for treatment of prostatic cancer work?
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Initially causes an increase in production of androgens Pituitary becomes desensitized
Production of androgens declines |
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What is the administration of leuprolide for prostatic cancer called?
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Chemical Castration
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What are the adverse effects of leuprolide?
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Hot Flashes
Risk of osteoporosis |
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What are the three androgen receptor blockers?
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Flutamide
Bicalutamide Nilutamide |
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When are androgen blockers used?
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In combination with surgical or chemical castration
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What are the common adverse effects of Flutamide?
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Gynecomastia
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Antiestrogens work by ______ while aromatase inhibitors _____.
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Blocking receptors for estrogen
Blocking estrogen production |
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In the treatment of breast cancer, to use a antiestrogen or an aromatase inhibitor the cancer must be _____.
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Estrogen-receptor positive (ER positive)
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What is the pure antiestrogen?
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Fulvestrant
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What are the mixed effect antiestrogens?
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Tamoxifen
Toremifene Raloxifene |
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How does tamoxifen work?
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Block receptors for estrogen
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When is tamoxifen used?
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After mastectomy
Treatment of Metastatic Disease |
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What are the adverse effects of tamoxifen?
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Hot Flushes
Fluid Retention Vaginal Discharge Menstrual Irregularities Thromboembolic effects Endometrial Cancer |
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What is the difference between Raloxifene and Tamoxifen?
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Raloxifene does not have a risk of endometrial cancer
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How do aromatase inhibitors work?
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Block production of estrogen from androgenic precursors
Do not block production by ovaries |
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Who can use an aromatase inhibitor?
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Post-menopausal women
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What are the adverse effects of aromatase inhibitors?
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Increase risk of fracture
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What is the prototypic aromatase inhibitor?
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Anastrozole
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What drug is a monoclonal antibody indicated for IV therapy of metastatic breast cancer?
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Trastuzumab
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How does Trastuzumab work?
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Antagonist at the HER2 receptor that regulates cell growth
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What are the adverse effects of Transtuzumab?
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Cardiotoxicity
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What do biologic response modifiers do?
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Alter hosts response to cancer
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What Biologic response modifier is used for solid tumors?
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Interferon Alfa
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What benefit does Interferon Alfa have against cancer?
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Enhancement of host immune response
Direct anti-proliferative effects |
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What is the action of Targeted anticancer drugs?
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Bind specific targets that drive tumor growth
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How does EGFR-Tyrosine Inhibitors work?
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Binding of an agonist to EGFR activates TK which activates pathways of cell proliferation
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What is the action of Cetuximab?
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Antagonist at the receptor for EGFR
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What are the actions of Erlotinib and Gefitinib?
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Work inside the cell to inhibit TK directly
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What type of cancer is Cetuximab used for?
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Colorectal Cancer
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What are the adverse effects of Cetuximab?
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Severe infusion reactions- shock
Acne-like rash Interstital lung disease |
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What is the action of CD20 antibodies?
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CD20 is in cell membrane of B cells
Trigger an immune attack against the B cell itself |
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What CD20 antibodies have a linked radioactive compound that causes radiation damage?
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Ibritumomab
Tositumomab |
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What CD20 antibody works by immune response only?
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Rituximab
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What are the adverse effects of Rituximab?
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Severe Infusion Reactions- shock
Tumor Lysis Syndrome- Acute Renal Failure Stevens-Johnson Syndrome HBV reactivation |
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How do angiogensis inhibitors work?
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Suppress formation of new blood cells and deprive solid tumors the expanding blood supply needed for growth
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What is the prototypic angiogenesis inhibitor?
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Bevacizumab
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What are the adverse effects of Bevacizumab?
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GI perforation
Poor wound healing Pulmonary Hemorrhage Increased risk of arterial thromboembolic events |
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How do proteasome inhibitors work?
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Cause proteins to accumulate in the cell and can cause apoptosis and increase sensitivity to anticancer agents
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What drug is a proteasome inhibitor?
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Bortezomib
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