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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Quinolones / Fluroquinolones: Examples
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Levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin
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Mechanism of Action
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Target DNA gyrase, preventing replication
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Common Uses
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- Good for gram negatives:
- Anthrax (Cipro only) - MDR Pseudomonas - Enterics: E. coli, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter |
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Resistance Mechanisms
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Mutations in gyrase drug binding site
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Side effects
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- Increased risk of C. difficile due to disruption of normal gut flora
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Metronidazole
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not a class - just one drug
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Mechanism of Action
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- Causes double stranded breaks in DNA, leading to lethal mutations
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Uses
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- Protozoans: Trichomonas, Giardia, Ameobae
- C. difficile |
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Resistance Mechanisms
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- Decreased uptake into cell
- Reduced activation of drug once inside cell |
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Rifamycins: Common examples
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- Rifabutin
- Rifampin |
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Mechanism of Action
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- Binds to RNA polymerase, preventing transcription
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Uses
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- Mycobacteria, including TB (must be used in combination for TB)
- gram pos. bacteria |
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Resistance Mechanisms
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- Alteration of RNA polymerase
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Side effects
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- Turns urine orange
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Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs): Common Examples
Note: This is separate class from nucleic acid disruptors |
Trimethoprim / Sulfamethaxazole (aka Bactrim)
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Mechanism of Action
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- Inhibits folic acid production (only in bacteria, not in humans)
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Uses
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- Strep and H. influenza (otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis)
- Gram negs causing diarrhea: Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli - pneumocystis (seen in AIDS patients) |
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Resistance Mechanisms
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- Alternative enzyme, often carried on plasmid
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Side effects
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- Hypersensitivty
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