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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 30S ribosome inhibitors?
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but AT 30!
aminoglycosides tetracyclines |
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What are the 50S ribosome inhibitors?
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CCEL at 50!
chloramphenicol clindamycin erythromycin linezolid |
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What are the 5 aminoglycosides?
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GNATS
gentamycin neomycin amikacin tobramycin streptomycin |
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How do aminoglycosides work?
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Anti-30S; inhibit initiation complex and --> mRNA misreading; require O2 for uptake (can't kill anaerobes)
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What are aminoglycosides used for?
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severe gram-negative bacillary infections
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What are aminoglycosides synergistic with?
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beta-lactam antibiotics (aztreonam esp.)
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What is neomycin routinely used for?
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bowel surgery
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What is the toxicity of aminoglycosides?
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Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity Teratogenicity |
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What confers resistance to aminoglycosides?
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Transferase enzymes --> acetylation, phosphorylation, adenylation
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What are the tetracyclines? (4)
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tetracycline
doxycycline demeclocycline minocycline |
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What is a non-antibiotic use of demeclocycline?
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ADH-agonist diuretic in SIADH
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What is the mechanism of tetracyclines?
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bacteriostatic - bind 30S and prevent tRNA attachment
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Which protein-synthesis antibiotics don't have CNS penetration?
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tetracyclines
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Which tetracycline can be used in renal failure?
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doxycycline due to fecal elimination
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Which substances inhibit tetracycline absorption in the gut?
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milk
antacids iron-preps divalent cations inhibit absorption |
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What are tetracyclines used for?
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Borrelia burgdorferi
M. pneumoniae Rickettsia Chlamydia (both intracellular) |
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What are toxicities of tetracyclines?
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GI distress
dental discoloration bone growth inhibition photosensitivity teratogenic |
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What confers resistance to tetracyclines?
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decreased uptake or increased efflux from plasmid-encoded pumps
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What are 3 macrolides?
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erythromycin
azithromyzin clarithromycin |
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How do macrolides work?
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block translocation; binds 23S on 50S; bacteriostatic
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What are macrolides used for?
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atypical pneumonia (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella)
URIs STDs gram-pos cocci Neisseria |
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What are toxicities of macrolides?
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prolonged QT (erythromycin)
GI distress acture cholestatic hepatitis eosinophilia rashes |
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What drugs do macrolides interact with?
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increase the serum concentration of theophyllines and oral anticoagulants
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What confers macrolide resistance?
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methlyation of 23S binding site
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How does chloramphenicol work?
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blocks peptide bond formation on 50S subunit
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What is chloramphenicol used for?
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meningitis (Haemophilus, Neisseria, S. pneumo)
conservative used outside of developing countries |
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What is the toxicity of chloramphenicol?
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anemia (dose-dependent)
aplastic anemia gray baby syndrome (premature infants lack UDP-glucuronyl transferase) |
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What confers resistance to chloramphenicol?
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plasmid-encoded acetyltransferase
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How does clindamycin work?
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blocks peptide bond formation at 50S
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What is clindamycin used to treat?
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anaerobes in aspiration pneumonia or lung abscesses
Bacteroides Clostridium perfringens |
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What is the toxicity of clindamycin?
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pseudomembranous colitis
fever diarrhea |
