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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Beta Lactam - Penicillins |
MOA - β-lactam ring is structural analogue of the D-alanine that is involved in cross-linking - this facilitates binding of β-lactamring to active site of PBPs. - Inhibits action of PBP --> no enzyme to catalyse reaction --> no cross-linking of peptidoglycan (cell wall) --> accumulation of cell wall precursors --> production of autolytic enzymes --> cell lysis. Examples - Penicillin G and V. - Ampicillin and Amoxycillin (additional G- use) - Flucloxacillin, Dicloxacillin (beta-lactamase resistant) - Clavulanic acid (beta lactamase inhibitor; given with amoxycillin) - Ticarcillin, Piperacillin (anti-Pseudomonal) |
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Beta Lactam - Cephalosporins |
MOA - similar structure to Penicillins; less susceptible to beta-lactamases. - cover broader range of pathogens Examples 1st Gen: Cephalexin, Cephazolin 2nd Gen: Cefaclor, Cefurozime 3rd Gen: Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone 4th Gen: Cefipime, Ceftazidine |
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Glycopeptides |
MOA - bind to AA preventing enzymes forming cross-links. - interferes with cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis Examples - Vancomycin, Teicoplanin |
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5-Nitroimadazoles |
MOA - Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis (ie. DNA) - exact mechanism unknown - enters microbial cell, reduced, activated - conc gradient facilitates infusion - reduced intermediate products interact with intracellular targets Examples - Metronidazole, Tinidazole |
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Fluoroquinolones
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MOA - Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis - inhibits DNA gyrase, which removes helical twists for replication - inhibits topoisomerase IV, which allows chromosomes to separate - interferes with DNA synthesis Examples - Nofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin |
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Aminoglycosides |
MOA - blocks protein synthesis - enters by active transport - irreversibly binds to 30S ribsome sub-unit. - freezes initiation complex (50S can't attach) - slows down protein synthesis that's already commenced. Examples - Gentamicin |
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Macrolides |
MOA - blocks protein synthesis - Binds to 23S ribosomal RNA in 50S subunit. - prevents transfer of peptidyl tRNA from A-site to P-site - Prevents formation of peptide bonds and transfer of AA Examples - Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Roxithromycin, Azithromycin - newer have more reliable absorption and longer t 1/2 - A>R>C>E |
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Amphenicols |
MOA - blocks protein synthesis - binds to 50S ribosome subunit - blocks action of peptidyl transferase and prevents peptide bond formation. Example - Chloramphenicol |
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Tetracyclines |
MOA - blocks protein synthesis - binds reversibly to 30S subunit - distorts subunit - anticodons of charged tRNA can't align properly with codons of mRNA. - blocks bacterial translation Example - Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline, Tigecycline |
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Metabolic Analogues - Sulphonamides |
MOA - metabolic analogue of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) - inhibits dihydropteroate synthase - stops folate synthesis Example - Sulphonamide |
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Metabolic Analogues - Trimethoprim |
MOA - metabolic analogue of dihydrofolic acid - inhibits dihydrofolate reductase - inhibits folate synthesis Example - Trimethoprim |
