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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do you want to know about each antibiotic?
(7 things) |
1)Spectrum of action
2)Mechanism of action 3)Pharmacokinetics 4)Distribution (penetration of target tissue) 5)Drug interactions 6)Resistance 7)Toxicity and adverse effects |
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Define MIC
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MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration)- lowest concentration of the drug that inhibits growth after 18-24 hrs of incubation in vitro
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Define MBC
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MBC (Minimum bactericidal concentration)- lowest concentration of the drug at which 99.9% of a culture is killed after 18-24 hrs incubation in vitro
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Define PAE
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PAE (post-antibacterial effect)- When suppression of bacterial growth continues after the antibiotic concentration falls below the bacterial MIC
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Define Time-dependent killing
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Bactericidal effects only occur during the time when the antibiotic is maintained above the MIC
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Drugs that Inhibit Cell Wall Biosynthesis/Membrane potential
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Glycopeptides (vancomycin, teicoplanin)
β-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems, carbacephams) Lipopeptides (daptomycin) |
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Drugs that inhibit protein synthesis
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Oxazoladinones, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, loncosamines, macrolides, Type B streptogramins, ketolides
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Drugs that inhibit Nucleic Acid Biosynthesis
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Sulfonamides, trimethroprim, floroquinolones, nitroimidazole, rifamycin
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Bactericidal Antibiotics that are Concentration-dependent (4)
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Aminoglycosides, quinolones, lipopeptide, ketolides
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Bactericidal Antibiotics that are Time-dependent
(4) |
β-lactams, cephalosporins, carbacepham, Vancomycin (selectively)
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Bacteriostatic Antibiotics
(6) |
Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Tetracycline, Macrolides, Sulfonamides, Oxazolidinones
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Type 1 Pharmacokinetics
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Conc-dep killing, significant PAE
Aminoglycosides, daptomycin, quinolones, ketolides |
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Type 2 Pharmacokinetics
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Time-dep killing, no PAE
β-lactams, Vancomycin (selectively) |
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Type 3 Pharmacokinetics
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Time-dep effect, moderate to prolonged PAE
Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Tetracycline, Macrolides, Sulfonamides, Oxazolidinones, Glycopeptides, Streptogramins |
