Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
- NUCLEIC ACID SYNTH
- Binds to A subunit of DNA gyrase (nick-sealer) - blocking replication fork and introducing (+) supercoils. - Gram + and Gram - - Resistance due to change in subunit structure or cell wall |
Quinolones (Cipro, Norflox, Nalidixic)
|
|
|
- NUCLEIC ACID SYNTH
- Binds to B subunit of DNA gyrase (binds ATP) - Blocks DNA replication - Gram +, Flavobac and Proteus |
Novobiocin
|
|
|
- NUCLEIC ACID SYNTH
- Binds to RNA Pol, blocks mRNA synth by blocking 1st bond - G+ and TB - can cause rashes and jaundice |
Rifampin/Rifamycin (Streptovaricin)
|
|
|
- NUCLEIC ACID SYNTH
- inhibits synth of nucleotide precursors - PABA analog (bacteriostatic) - Gram + and Gram - - useful with UTI, salmonella, bronchitis - Synergist with Trimeth. |
Sulfonamide
|
|
|
- NUCLEIC ACID SYNTH
- inhibits synth of nucleotide precursors - AHP-FA analog - Gram + and Gram - - useful with UTI, salmonella, bronchitis - Synergist with Sulfona. |
Trimethoprim
|
|
|
- NUCLEIC ACID
- nitroreductase generates N radicals that damage DNA - can cause peripheral neuropathy - Protozoa & Anaerobes |
Metronidizole/ Nitroimidazole
|
|
|
- PROTEIN SYNTH
- Bind 50S subunit and inhibit peptide bond formation - subclass of macrolids - can cause pseudomembranous colitis (C. diff overgrowth) |
Lincosamides (Clindamycin)
|
|
|
- PROTEIN SYNTH
- Bind 23S (in 50S) to block translocation - macrolid, broad spectrum, bacteriostatic - GI side effects - Resistance mediated by plasmid and alt in 23S |
Erythromycin
|
|
|
- PROTEIN SYNTH
- prevent aminoacyl tRNA from entering A site on ribosome (30S) - GI side effects, abn bone devl, teeth staining - broad spectrum, bacteriostatic (Mycopl, chlam, ricket) - TN10 resistance (efflux) |
Tetracycline
|
|
|
- PROTEIN SYNTH
- Binds to 50S, blocks peptidyltransferase - broad spec, bacteriostatic, typhoid, meningitis - Anaplastic Anemia and Grey Baby Syndrome - Resistance via acetyltransferase enzyme |
Chloramphenicol
|
|
|
- PROTEIN SYNTH
- Bind 30S and block formation of 70S complex, aberrant protein or misreading of mRNA - ototoxic and nephrotoxi - bactericidal G+ and G- - Resistance via changes in cell wall permeability, ribosomal target site or modifying enzymes |
Aminoglycosides (Tobramycin, Kanamycin, Neomycin, Streptomycin, Spectinomycin, Gentamicin)
|
|
|
- PLASMA MEMBRANE
- Cause ion leakage and cell lysis - nephrotoxic so ONLY topical or wound irrigation - OTC ointment combo with bacitracin - Gram - (NOT proteus) |
Polymyxin (B & E)
|
|
|
- CELL WALL SYNTH
- blocks L-ala racemase and D-ala D-ala synthetase - TB |
D-cycloserine
|
|
|
- CELL WALL SYNTH
- blocks regeneration of BP (recharging) - G+ and Neiss (NOT G-) - Nephrotoxic so ONLY topical - OTC ointment combined with polymyxin |
Bacitracin
|
|
|
- CELL WALL SYNTH
- blocks transfer of DSP to PTG chain - ototoxic and nephrotoxic - TB, and MDR G+ strains |
Vancomycin (Ristocetin: not clinically used b/c too toxic)
|
|
|
- CELL WALL SYNTH
- disrupts mycolic acid synth - used with rifampin, Dcycloserine and/or streptomycin against TB and other acid-fast MDR strains |
Isoniazid (INH)
|
|
|
- CELL WALL SYNTH
- blocks carboxy- and transpeptidases in PTG x-linking - Acid labile, Beta lactamase sensitive - G+ only (not staph aur) |
Penicillin G
|
|
|
- CELL WALL SYNTH
- blocks carboxy- and transpeptidases in PTG x-linking - Acid stable, less sensitive to Beta lactamase - G+ only (not staph aur) |
Penicillin V (natural PCN)
|
|
|
- CELL WALL SYNTH
- blocks carboxy- and transpeptidases in PTG x-linking - acid stable, Beta lactamase resistant |
Methicillin/Oxacillin
|
|
|
- CELL WALL SYNTH
- blocks carboxy- and transpeptidases in PTG x-linking - broad spectrum against G+ and G-, but lactamase sensitive - can cause pseudomembraneous colitis in kids |
Ampicillin/Carbenicillin
|
|
|
- CELL WALL SYNTH
- Blactam ring + 5 thiazolidine ring - suicide substrate binds PBPs - bacteriocidal only on growing cells (autolysins) - Resistance via beta lactamases, modified PBP, changed porins or non-growing cells - can cause immediate hypersensitivity reactions - benzylPCN can be neurotoxic in high does |
General Penicillin Info
|
|
|
- CELL WALL SYNTH
- inhibit beta lactamase - alone are ineffective Abx, act synergistically with PCNs |
Clavulanic Acid/Sulbactam
|
|
|
- CELL WALL SYNTH
- B lactam ring + S ring - 3 generations 1st: narrow G+ 2nd: expanded G+ some G- 3rd: broad (incl pseudomonads) |
Cephalosporins
(1st: cephalexin, cephapirin, cephazolin) (2nd: Cefoxitin, Cefuroxime) (3rd: Oxocephalosporins, Cefixime, Cefotaxime) |
|
|
- CELL WALL SYNTH
- blocks creation of UDP-NAM in cytosol |
Phosphomycin
|
|
|
NUCLEIC ACID SYNTH
- Binds to RNA Pol, blocks mRNA synth by blocking elongation step |
Streptolydigin (Actinomycin also, but too toxic)
|
