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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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inhibitors of protein synthesis
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aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, and erythromycin
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disruptors of membrane permeability
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antifungals (amphotericin B, nystatin, polymycin)
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inhibitors of other biochemical pathways
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sulfonamides, some anti-TB agents
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specific biochemical pathway inhibited by methotrexate
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PABA
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aplastic anemia associated with:
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chloramphenicol
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common allergic rxns
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penicillins, sulfonamides, and cephalosporins
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which drug class is limited by BBB?
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cephalosporins
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1st disadvantage of penicillin G:
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ineffective against gram neg. bacteria
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2nd disadvantage of penicillin G:
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degradation by gastric acid
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3rd disadvantage of penicillin G:
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rapid excretion
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4th disadvantage of penicillin G:
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hydrolyzed by beta-lactamase/penicillinase
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5th disadvantage of penicillin G:
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urticarial/anaphylactic rxns
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methicillin was invented because...
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of beta-lactamase/penicillinase enzymes. naficillin/oxacillin replaced methicillin.
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ampicillin and carbenicillin invented because...
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of penicillin G's lack of efficacy against gram neg. bacteria
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prototype aminoglycoside:
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gentamycin
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gentamycin notable because
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causes the most common side fx (nephro-, ototoxicity and NMJ blocking)
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aminoglycosides only work on
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growing bacteria (causes misreads of DNA)
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tetracycline is used in
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rickettsialpox, L-form bacteria (sporoforms) -- good for gonorrhea in penicillin sensitive pt
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macrolide prototype
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erythromycin
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macrolide MoA:
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inhibit protein synth
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sulfonamides, prototype
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sulfisoxazole
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sulfonamides, MoA
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interferes with PABA pathway
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sulfonamides indicated in:
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UTIs
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fluoroquinolones, prototype
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ciprofloxacin
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chloramphenicol MoA
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inhibits protein synth
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chloramphenicol side fx, notable
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gray baby syndrome, aplastic anemia
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broad spectrum ABX
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fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol
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